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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Xanthelasma
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deposition of lipids in the upper and lower eyelids
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Ptosis
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drooping of the upper eyelid (congenital or acquired weakness of the levator/CNIII)
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Blepharitis
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inflammation of the eyelid associated with crusting and itching (caused by autoimmune, infection etc)
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Hordeolum
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PAINFUL infection of the sebacceous glands at the base of the eyelashes (usually staphylococci)
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Chalazion
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blockage of tarsal glands on the edge of the eyelid NOT PAINFUL
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What is the conjunctiva?
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the clear membrane covering the eye surface
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What is the condition in patients typically <60 years old that is caused by lipid deposition around the edge of the cornea?
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Arcus Senilis
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How do you test for the corneal reflex?
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shine a penlight directly at the patients eyes. Reflexion off the cornea should shine equally on the nasal portion of each cornea.
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What does asymmetry off the corneal light reflex indicate?
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strabismus(uncordinated eyes)/amblyopia(lazy eye)
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What is scleral icterus?
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jaundice of the slcera secondary to hyperbilirubinemia (note that slightly yellow sclera is common and normal in black population)
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What is bilateral exopthalmos commonly associated with?
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Hyperthyroidism
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What should you consider with unilateral exopthalmos?
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retro-orbital tumor
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Esotropia turns ________. Exotropia turns ___________
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inward, outward
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What is anisocoria and is it normal?
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unequal pupils, normal in 20% of healthy individuals. can be indicative of destruction of parasympathetics/sympathetics following trauma
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What pupillary condition is associated with opioid abuse?
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miosis (pinpoint pupils)
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What is mydriasis?
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abnormally dilated pupils
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What are the signs of Horner's syndrome?
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Hemi-sided loss of sympathetics to the face, ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, vasodilation and anhydrosis
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Patient presents with hemi-sided mydriasis and abduction/depression of the pupil. What do you suspect?
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CN III Palsy
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An infant presents with the loss of a red reflex unilaterally. What condition is this indicative of?
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Retinoblastoma (malignant tumor of the retina)
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What is the typical cause of glaucoma?
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increased intra-ocular pressure from blocked exit of the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye
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Chronic glaucoma is also known as ________ _________
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open angle
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Acute glaucoma is also known as _________ _________
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closed angle
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What type of glaucoma distinguished by intense ocular pain?
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acute (closed angle) glaucoma
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What are the physical findings associated with glaucoma?
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cupping of the optic disc and hemorrhages around the edge of the optic disc
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What is the circular structure on the retina where the vessels enter the eye?
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optic disc
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the highest area of visual accuity on the retina is called the __________
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fovea
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What is the condition associated with intracranial pressure in which the optic disc loses its definition?
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papilledema
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What are drusen bodies?
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small discrete yellow spots on the retina associated with senile macular degeneration
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dot hemorrhages, bright yellow lipid depositions, cotton wool spots and neovascularization are associated with what type of retinopathy?
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diabetic
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arteriole narrowing, AVnicking, cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhages and papilledema are associated with what type of retinopathy?
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hypertensive
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