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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AR: symptoms
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occur late in disease.
SOBOE, fatigue, palpitations from hyperdynamic circulation, exertional angina |
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AR: signs
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syndromes: Marfan's, Ank Spon or other seronegative arthropathy, Argyll-Robinson pupils
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AR: pulse
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collapsing/ water hammer pulse
wide pulse pressure |
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AR: Palpation
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displaced, hyperkinetic apex beat. Diastolic thrill @ LSE on leaning forward/ full expiration
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AR: Auscultation - HS
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A2 may be soft
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AR: murmur
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decrescendo high pitched diastolic murmur, immediately after S2, maximal at 3rd/4th LICS
ESM often also due to associated AS |
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AR: severe
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1. collapsing pulse
2. wide pulse pressure 3. long decresendo diastolic murmur 4. soft A2 5. Austin Flint murmur 6. evidence of LVF |
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AS: symptoms
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SAD.
1. exertional syncope 2. exertional angina (50% have no CAD) 3. exertional dyspnoea |
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AS: pulse
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plateau
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AS: palpation
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hyperdynamic apex beat, may be slightly displaced
systolic thrill at base of heart |
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AS: Auscultation - HS
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narrowly split or reversed S2
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AS: Auscultation - murmur
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harsh mid-systolic ejection murmur
often associated AR |
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AS: severe
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1. plateau pulse
2. basal thrill 3. long murmur and late peak 4. S4 5. reversed S2 split 6. absent A2 7. LVF |
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MS: symptoms
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dyspnoea, orthopnoea, PND, haemoptysis, ascites, oedema, fatigue
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MS: signs
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tachypnoea, mitral facies, peripheral cyanosis in severe disease
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MS: pulse/ BP
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normal/ reduced volume pulse
AF secondary to enlarged LA |
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MS: JVP
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normal
prominant a wave if pulm HT loss of a wave if in AF |
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MS: palpation
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tapping apex beat
RV heave palpable P2 if pulm HT |
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MS: Auscultation - HS
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loud S1
loud P2 is pulm HT opening snap |
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MS: Auscultation - murmur
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low pitched rumbling diastolic murmur (steth bell, L lateral position)
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MS: severe
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1. small pulse pressure
2. soft S1 3. early opening snap 4. long diastolic murmur 5. diastolic thrill at the apex |
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MS: causes
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1. rheumatic
2. congenital |
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MR: symptoms
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dyspnoea
fatigue |
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MR: signs
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tachynpnoea
mitral facies (rare) |
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MR: pulse
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normal or sharp upstroke
AF is common |
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MR: palpation
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1. apex beat displaced, diffuse and hyperdynamic
2. pansystolic thrill at apex 3. parasternal impulse from LA enlargement behind the RV |
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MR: auscultation - HS
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1. soft or absent S1
2. LVS3 |
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MR: auscultation - murmurs
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pansystolic murmur maximal at apex and radiating to axilla
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MR: severe
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1. small volume pulse
2. enlarged LV 3. S3 4. soft S1 5. early A2 6. early diastolic rumble 7. signs of pulm HT 8. signs of LVF |
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MR: causes of chronic MR
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1. rheumatic
2. MVP 3. papillary muscle dysfunction due to LVF or iscchaemia 4. CT disease - eg Marfan, RA, Ank Spon 5. congenital parachute valve 6. cardiomyopathy |
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MR: causes of acute MR
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1. MI - papillary muscle
2. IE 3. trauma/ surgery 4. spontaneous |
