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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What has resulted from antimicrobial pressure generated by the increased use of antimicrobials?
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- Common (Primary) pathogens have become more resistant (e.g. Staph, Pneumococcus)
- Opportunistic pathogens have been selected out (e.g. VRE, C. albicans, Acinetobacter) |
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What percent of S. pneumoniae is penicillin-resistant?
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Up to 30%
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How has the initial anti-microbial treatment changed for acute pyogenic (bacterial) meningitis?
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From Ceftriaxone only to Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
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What antibiotics should be used in the outpatient treat of Community-Acquired-MRSA?
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Bactrim (TMP/SMX) or Clindamycin
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When a UTI is resistant to Bactrim and Ciprofloxacin, what other drug can be utilized as effective treatment?
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Augmentin (Amoxicillin/Clavulanate)
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What organisms are often associated with nosocomial or ventilator-associated pneumonia?
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Gram (-) rods (Pseudomonas & Acinetobacter), some have no effective treatment this is why we are seeing a resurgence of Polymyxin.
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What is Polymyxin?
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Older antimicrobial acts of cell membrane and is therefore more toxic. It is the only effective treatment in many cases of resistant Pseudomonas.
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How can a patient acquire C. difficle colitis?
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Through the use of antibiotics, or by contact with infected person (not properly washing hands).
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How are total antimicrobial use and policies in a hospital reflected?
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By the hospital C. difficele burden
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What dDx should be considered in a hospitalized patient that is afebrile, with a high-WBC/left-shift, and diarrhea?
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C. difficele colitis
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What treatment shift has occurred regarding treatment of C. difficele colitis?
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From Metronidazole to Vancomycin - C. difficele colitis has become much more virulent recently.
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What are the markers of severe antimicrobial pressure?
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- Fungemia
- VRE Line Sepsis |
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What is the treatment for VRE?
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- Linezolid
- Daptomycin - Synercid - Tigecycline |
