Clinical Sciences Mental Status

Front 1

Aphonia

Back 1

loss of voice secondary to nerve or larynx disease. (cancer, stroke)

Front 2

Dysphonia

Back 2

impairment in volume, quality or pitch (hoarseness)

Front 3

Dysarthia

Back 3

defect in muscular control secondary to motor lesions (lips, tongue, palate)

Words slurred, but language intact

Parkinson's
cerebellar Dz
CNS and NS defects

Front 4

Aphasia

Back 4

CNS defect in producing or understanding language

2 Types

Front 5

Receptive Aphasia

Back 5

Fluent, speech is rapid, but lacks meaning

Front 6

Epressive Aphasia

Back 6

Speech slow, but has meaning

Front 7

Parkinson's Dz

Back 7

hypophonic, hushed, masklike face, decreased blinking, chin down, micrographia

Front 8

Frontal Lobe Lesions

Back 8

non-fluent speech

Front 9

Temporal Lobe Lesions

Back 9

Speech fluent but makes no sense

Front 10

Broca's Aphasia

Back 10

frontal lobe lesions, non-fluent speech

Front 11

Wernicke's Aphasia

Back 11

Temporal lobe lesions, fluent speech but makes no sense

Front 12

Ilusions

Back 12

misinterpretations of real stimuli

Front 13

Hallucinations

Back 13

perceptions in the absence of relevant external stimuli

Front 14

Affect

Back 14

How a person reacts to various topics

Front 15

Mood

Back 15

A person's persistent emotional state

Front 16

Two conditions due to abnormality of mood

Back 16

depression or mania (bipolar)

Front 17

Questions to ask someone you suspect is suicidal

Back 17

do you get discouraged?
do you think you are depressed?
do you feel like you want to end it?
Do you have a plan? (specific, available, lethal?)

Front 18

Affect descriptors

Back 18

Apathy, blunted, flat, labile (go from laughing to crying)

Front 19

Flat and oriented X3

Back 19

pt w/ parkinson's

Front 20

Labile and oriented X3

Back 20

pt with grief

Front 21

Apathetic and oriented X2

Back 21

pt with dementia

Front 22

Assessing Attention

Back 22

Repeat digits back to you
count back from 7
Spell backwards

Front 23

Assessing Remote Memory

Back 23

long term memories, family
events of day

Front 24

Assessing Learning Ability

Back 24

Ask pt to recall 3 unrelated words

Front 25

Assessing Vocab

Back 25

Estimates pt intelligence

Front 26

Assessing Math/calculation Ability

Back 26

simple addition/multiplication
change-making problem

Front 27

Assessing Abstract Thinking

Back 27

Proverbs
Similarities (apple/orange)

(concrete response given by delirium, schizophrenia, dementia)

Front 28

Assessing Constructional Ability

Back 28

Clock test (draw clock)
(if poor, dementia or parietal damage)

Front 29

MMSE

Back 29

Mini Mental StatusExam
INSENSITIVE to dementia
30 pt test
- orientation
- repeat name of 3 objects
- spell a word backwards
- name 2 objects
- repeat: no ifs, ands or buts
- write sentence
- read and enact a sentence
- copy a figure
- recall 3 things repeated earlier

Front 30

CIT

Back 30

Cognitive Impairment Test
6 item test
SENSITIVE to dementia

Front 31

Somatoform Disorders

Back 31

Chronic, multi-system complaints which lack a medical or physical explanation

Pain, GI, etc.

- Pain disorder
- Conversion disorder
- Hypochondria
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Factitous disorder
- Malingering
- Dissociative disorder

Front 32

Pain Disorder

Back 32

(Somatoform Disorder)

Pain is psychological

Front 33

Conversion Disorder

Back 33

(Somatoform disorder)

mimics neurological disorder
psycho factors cause physical probs in pt

Front 34

Hypochondria

Back 34

(Somatoform Disorder)

Think they have serious problem when they don't

Front 35

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Back 35

(Somatoform Disorder)

Imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance

Front 36

Factitous disorder

Back 36

(Somatoform Disorder)

Intentional feigning of physical symptoms W/OUT external reinforcers

Aren't trying to gain something

Front 37

Malingering

Back 37

(Somatoform Disorder)

Intentional feigning of physical sypmtoms WITH external reinforcers

Trying to gain something
(8 yo who wants glasses)

Front 38

Dissociative Disorder

Back 38

Disruptions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception due to psych factors

dissoc. amnesia
dissoc. fugue
dissoc. identity
depersonalization disorder

Front 39

Character Disorders

Back 39

personality disorders
- schizo
- OCD
- antisocial
- paranoid, etc...

associated with alcohol and substance abuse
dysfunctional
impulsive

Front 40

Mood Disorders (List them)

Back 40

1) Major depressive episode
2) Manic episode
3) Mixed episode
4) Hypomanic episode
5) Bipolar I and II
6) Dysthymic and Cyclothymic disorders

Front 41

Major Depressive Episode

Back 41

(mood disorder)

Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day

OR

Signif wt gain or loss, change in appetite nearly every day

PLUS 3 or 4 of:
- insomnia
- agitation
- fatigue
-feeling of worthlessness or guilt
- loss of concentration
- thoughts of suicide

Front 42

Manic Episode

Back 42

(mood disorder)

persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood for 1 wk with 3 of the following:

- inflated self-esteem
- less need for sleep
- more talkative
- flight of ideas
- distractibility
- agitation
- doing high risk activities

severe enough to impair function

Front 43

Mixed Episode

Back 43

Having both major depressive and manic episodes

Each episode lasts at least 1/wk each

Front 44

Hypomanic Episode

Back 44

- Mood and sx similar to manic episode
- less impairing
- no hallucinations or delusions
- sx shorter, min 4 days

Front 45

Bipolar I

Back 45

One or more manic or mixed episodes along with major depressive episode

Front 46

Bipolar II

Back 46

One or more major depressive episodes along with at least one hypomanic episode

Front 47

Dysthymic Disorder

Back 47

Minor depressed mood and sx for most of the day, more days than not, at least 2 yrs

freedom from symptoms no more than 2 months at a time

Front 48

Cyclothymic Disorder

Back 48

numerous periods of hypomanic and minor depressive sx for at least 2 years

freedom from sx no more than 2 months at a time

Front 49

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Back 49

Abnormal electical discharge most often secondary to a temporal lobe trauma

sx: sudden onset of change in behav
- spells
- aura or odor sensation
- automatisms (lip- smacking or pilling)
- change in level of consciousness

Front 50

Dementia and Alzheimer's (70% of dementias)

Back 50

- gradual decline in memory, orientation, judgement, language
- depression
- pyschosis

Front 51

Vascular Dementia

Back 51

- secondary to strokes
- early incontinence, gait, flatted affect

Front 52

Parkinson's

Back 52

(Lewy body Dz)
- 2nd most common dementia
- lewy bodies found in brain stem
- slow mov't, tremors, rigidity, balances probs

Front 53

Parkinson's Plus

Back 53

(with dementia)
- also visual hallucinations, cogn fluctuations
- death after 1 yr

Front 54

Hydrocephalic Dementia

Back 54

- onset over 85 yrs
- motor slowing, impaired function and mood, gait, urinary incont.
- wide, shuffling walk

Front 55

Delirium

Back 55

Acute confused state
- usually toxic encephalopathy
- acute onset, hrs to days
- 2ndary to medical/hospical conditions