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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is epinepherine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - anaphylaxis, resuscitation
MOA - Direct acting sympathomimetic |
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What is norepinephrine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - vasopressor
MOA - Direct acting sympathomimetic |
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What is phenylephrine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - vasopressor
MOA - Direct acting sympathomimetic |
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What is dobutamine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - vasopressor
MOA - Direct acting sympathomimetic |
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What is phenylpropanolamine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - urethral sphincter tone incompetence
MOA - indirect acting agonist - a1, b1 |
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What is Dopamine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - vasopressor
Mixed - agonist (a1, b1, d1) |
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What is propranolol used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - hypertension, cardiomyopathy
MOA - b1, b2 blocker |
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What is atenolol used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - hypertension, cardiomyopathy
MOA - b1 blocker |
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What is timolol used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - hypertension, cardiomyopathy, glaucoma (topical)
MOA - b2 blocker |
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What is prazosin used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - hypotension, urethral spasticity
MOA - alpha blocker (a1) |
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What is phenoxybenzamine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - urethral spasticity
MOA - a1 blocker |
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What is bethanechol used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - detrusor atony (atonic bladder)
MOA - cholinergic |
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What is pilocarpine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - glaucoma, myosis, lacrimation
MOA - direct acting PNS |
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What is physiostigmine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - glaucoma
MOA - indirect cholinergic (Ach-esterase inhibitor) |
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What is demecarium used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - glaucoma
MOA - Indirect cholinergic (Ach-esterase inhibitor) |
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What is edrophonium used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - tensilon test
MOA - cholinegic (Ach-esterase inhibitor) |
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What is pyridostigmine bromide used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - myasthenia gravis
MOA - indirect cholinergic (Ach-esterase inhibitor) |
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What is Neostigmine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - myasthenia gravis, used as a prokinetic
MOA -indirect cholinergic (Ach-esterase inhibitor) |
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What is atropine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - bradycardia, mydriatic
MOA - anti-cholinergic |
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What is Scopolamine used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - topical mydriatic
MOA - Anticholinergic |
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What is Tropicamide used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - topical diagnostic mydriatic
MOA - anti-cholinergic |
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What is Propantheline used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - detrusor spasticity (relaxes bladder and promotes contraction of internal sphincter)
MOA - anti-cholinergic |
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What is Flavoxate used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - detrusor spasticity (relaxes bladder and promotes contraction of internal sphincter)
MOA - Anticholinergic |
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What is Oxybutynin used for? What is the method of action?
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Use - detrusor spasticity (relaxes bladder and promotes contraction of internal sphincter)
MOA - PNS antagonist |
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What is the main action of a1 receptors? What are the primary locations?
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Action - constriction
Locations - arteries, arterioles, veins |
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What is the main action of a2 receptors? What are the primary locations?
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Actions - decreased tone, motility and secretions
Location - GI tract |
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What is the main action of b1 receptors? What are the primary locations?
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Actions - increased HR, inotropy
Location - heart |
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What is the main action of b2 receptors? What are the primary locations?
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Actions - dilation, relaxation
Locations - skeletal muscle, blood vessels, coronary arteries, bronchial smooth muscle |
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What is the main action of d1 receptors? What are the primary locations?
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Actions - vasodilation
Location - renal coronary and mesenteric microvasculature |
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What drugs would you use for hormonal deficiency (internal urethral sphincter incompetence)?
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1. Diethylstilbestrol (estrogen)
2. Methyltestosterone (orally), testosterone cypionate (IM monthly) 3. Phenylpropanolamine (a1, b1 agonist |
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What are the side effects of diethylstilbesterol?
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induce signs of estrus, bone marrow toxicity - hypoplasia, aplasia
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What are the side effects of phenylpropanolamine?
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occasional nausea, inappetance, hypertension, increased IOP
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What drugs would you use for detrusor hyperspasticity (urge incontinence)?
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1. propantheline (anticholinergic)
2. flavoxate hydrochloride (anticholinergic) 3. oxybutinin (anticholinergic) |
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What are the side effects and contraindications for oxybutinin?
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Side effects - vomiting, tachycardia, dry mouth, sedation, increased IOP
Contraindications - glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, cardiac or prostatic disease |
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What drug would you use to treat detrusor atony (dribbling urine, large distended LMN bladder)?
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Bethanechol chloride (direct acting cholinergic)
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What are the side effects and contraindications associated with bethanechol chloride?
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Side effects - vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, anorexia
Contraindications - do not use in presence of urethral obstruction |
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What drugs would you used for urethral spasticity?
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Phenoxybenzamine (a1 antagonist)
Prazoin (a1 antagonist) |
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What are the side effects of Prazoin?
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Nausea, hypotension, increased IOP
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What drugs would you use if there is external sphincter (skeletal muscle) hypertonus?
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1. Diazepam
2. Dantrolene 3. Baclofen |
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What are the side effects of diazepam?
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polyphagia, hepatotoxicity, paradoxic excitement, sedation
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What are the side effects of dantrolene?
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weakness, hepatotoxicity, sedation
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What are the side effects of baclofen?
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weakness, pruritus, GI upset
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What are enalapril and benazepril?
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ACE inhibitors - antihypertensives
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What are the therapeutic effects of ACE inhibitors (5)?
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1. decrease aldosterone secretion
2. decrease ATII 3. decrease proteinuria 4. limit glomerular hypertrophy 5. ameliorate interstitial fibrosis |
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What are potential side effects of ACE inhibitors(4)?
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1. Decrease renal perfusion - tubular necrosis
2. vomiting 3. myelosuppression 4. seizures |
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What is amlodipine? In what species is it the drug of choice?
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Ca-channel blocker
Drug of choice for hypertension in cats |
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What are the therapeutic effects of amlodipine (4)?
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1. inhibit slow transmembrane Ca influx into cell
2. arteriolar smooth muscle relaxant 3. vasodilation at arterioles and coronary arteries 4. antiarrhthmic and cardiopressant effects |
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What are possible side effects of amlodipine (3)?
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1. Mild hypotension
2. nausea 3. constipation |
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What is the therapeutic effect of propranolol when using it to treat hypertension?
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B1, B2 antagonist
block renin release and reduced cardiac output |
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What is the therapeutic effect of prazoin in treatment of hypertension?
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(a1 antagonist)
smooth muscle relaxation |
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What are the side effects of propanolol and prazoin?
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1. bronchospasm in asthma patients
2. hypotension - esp. prazoin 3. hyperkalemia 4. bradycardia |
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What is hydralazine? What are possible side effects?
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Action - arteriolar smooth muscle dilator - peripheral vasodilation
Side effects - Na retention, reflex tachycardia |
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What is sodium nitroprusside? What are possible side effects?
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Action - induces NO release - immediate vasodilation w/o changing renal blood flow
Side effects - severe hypotension |
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What is the MOA of Theophylline and Animophylline (Xanthines)?
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Inhibit tubular reabsorption of NaCl, increase in renal blood flow
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What are possible side effects of Xanthine diuretics?
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1. bronchodilation
2. arrhythmogenic 3. CNS stimulation |
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What is Acetazolamine? What is the MOA?
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CA inhibitor
Reduces the availability of H+ causing and increased NaK excretion |
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What is the MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide and Clorothiazide (Thiazides)?
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Inhibit reabsorption of NaCl in the distal tubule
Decrease uric acid excretion Decrease calcium excretion Increase K+ excretion |
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What is the MOA of Furosimde?
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Inhibit NaCl reabsorption
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What group of diuretics include Spironolactone and Amiloride? What are their MOA?
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Potassium-sparing diuretics - inhibitory effect on K+ excretion
Spironolactone - aldosterone antagonist Amiloride - induce Na entry into tubular cells |
