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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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B1 Adrenergic Receptors
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1. Heart Rate Increase
2. Renin Release |
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B2 Adrenergic Receptors
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1.Heart and Skeletal Muscle Vasodilation
2. Bronchi Dilation 3. Uterus Relaxation 4. Glycogenolysis |
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A1 Adrenergic Receptors
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1. Peripheral and Visceral Vasoconstriction
2. Venous Vasoconstriction 3. Pupil Dilation 4. Ejaculation in Males |
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Cholinergic Receptors
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1. Pupil Constriction
2. Heart Rate Decrease 3. Bronchoconstriction 4. Bladder Voiding 5. Salivation, GI Motility, 6. Erection |
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Bethanecol
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Cholinergic Agonist used to relax bladder sphincter and stimulates urine post-op
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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Act by blocking deactivation of ACh. Causes salivation, defecation, urination, and bronchoconstriction.
Is used in nerve gas and is what makes some mushrooms toxic. |
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Atropine
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A cholinergic antagonist. Used pre-op to DECREASE Gi motility. INCREASES heart rate and is used as an antidote to Cholinesterase inhibitors. Also causes pupil enlargement. (Being replaced by Cyclogyl).
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Atrovent
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Anticholinergic Drug that dilates the bronchioles. Treats COPD. Used with albuterol. Merely used to reduce symptoms.
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Spiriva
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Anticholinergic in dry powder inhaler. Half-life of 5-6 Days. Under patent and expensive.
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Ditropan
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Antispasmodic drug. Used to treat nocturia, incontinence and frequent urination.
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Detrol
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Bladder Antispasmodic Drug. Competes with Ditropan.
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Cogentin
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Anticholinergic drug active in the CNS. Reduces Parkinsons Symptoms.
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Scopolamine
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Treats motions sickness but has anticholinergic effects. IE Dry Mouth.
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Catecholamine
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Benzene ring with 2 OH groups. It will be destroyed by MONOAMINE OXIDASE and COMT (First pass effect)
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Epinephrine
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Stimulates A1, A2, B1, B2 receptors. Can't be given orally. Treats:
1. Asthma (B2) 2. Anaphylactic Shock 3. Cardioversion 4. Reduced Bleeding |
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Pseudoephedrine
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AKA Sudafed. Affects A1, B1, B2 receptors.
A1: Nasal Decongestant. (Nasal Vasoconstriction) |
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Phenylephrine
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Sudafed PE. Used to replace Pseudoephedrine.
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Ephedrine
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Stimulant. Rarely prescribed but found in herbal and dietary supplements.
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MDMA
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Ectasy (XTC).
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Ritalin
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Acts on the CNS and is actually a stimulant. On those with hyperkinetic syndromes it is a sedative.
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Modafinil
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Treats narcolepsy, and has an off label use for ADHD
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Albuterol
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Most commonly used B2 agonist. It is used to dilate the bronchi and stops asthma attacks. It used CFC's formerly but now uses HFAs.
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Combivent
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Combination of albuterol and atrovent. Used to treat COPD
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Serevent
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B2 Agonist. Lasts around 12 hours. Doesn't stop asthma attacks but used prophylactically it can prevent them.
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Cardura & Flomax
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A1 Antagonists. Peripheral Vasodilation but used to cause benign prostate hypertrophy. Relaxes the prostate allowing easier urination.
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Coreg (Carvedilol)
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Blocks A1, B1, B2 receptors. Causes PERIPHERAL VASODILATION, slowing of the HEART RATE, Prevents ATRIAL FIBRILLATION after surgery. ASTMASTICS SHOULD NOT USE!!!
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Propanolol
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Blocks B1 & B2 receptors. Decreases intensity and rate of heart contractions. May cause bronchoconstriction. Treats: HTN, Angina, Tachycardia, Migranes, MI
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Metoprolol
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B1 Blocker. Decreases heart rate and treats HTN
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Atenolol
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B1 Blocker. Decreases heart rate and treats HTN. May increase risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Reserpine
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The first antiHTN drug. Merely historical.
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Catapres
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Blocks adrenergic receptors in the CNS. Decreases heart rate, sympathetic activity. Treats HTN, and is sedative
Adverse effects: Dry mouth, drowsiness, teratogenic, rebound HTN. |
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Succinylcholine
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Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Fast reaction, and fast metabolism. Adverse effects: Sore muscles, malignant hyperthermia, apnea
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Zemuron
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with a short half-life
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Panulon
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with a halflife of 30 minutes
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Norcuron
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Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with an intermediate acting half-life
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Tubocurarine
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Neuromuscular blocker used on arrow tips in South America. Half-life of 60 minutes. Fatal.
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Nicotine
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Stimulates both sympathetic and parasympathetic NS. Can also be used as an incecticide.
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Chantix
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Nicotine agonist. Lesser effect, but has suicidal side effects. Discontinued.
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Flovent
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Primary steroid used on asthma. Takes 12 hours to take effect.
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Azmacort
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Earliest inhilation steroid. Not used as much.
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Advair
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Mixture of Flovent (Steroid) and Serevent (B2 agonist)
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Singulair
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Nonadernergic asthma drug. Antileukotriene.
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Theophylline
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Non-adernergic asthma drug. Taken orally. Side effects include Cardiac arrest and seizures.If you're using this, you're desperate.
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Aminophylline
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Emergency form of Theophylline. Given IV.
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Mometasone
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Nasal inhalation. Steroid Non-inflammatory. Available as DPI for asthma, Nasal inhaler for allergies, and cream for eczema.
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Intal
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Prophylactic treatment of asthma. Used with albuterol.
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Treatment of Parkinson's
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1. Give a dopamine precursor (LDOPA)
2. Dopamine analog agonist 3. Inhibit dopamine metabolism |
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LDOPA
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Combined with carbidopa. Takes weeks-months for efficacy. Sideeffects:
1. GI disturbances 2. Orthostatic hypotension 3. Movement disorders 4. On-off efficacy 5. Tachycardia (B1) |
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Mirapex
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Dopamine Agonist
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Requip
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Dopamine Agonist
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Parlodel
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Old Dopamine Agonist. More commonly used to dry up mother's milk.
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Eldepryl
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Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase which leads to decreased dopamine inactivation. Also promoted as antioxidant drug.
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Symmetrel
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Releases dopamine from striatum. Only works for a month or two.
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GHB (Xyrem)
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Binds to GABA receptors. In large doses causes sedation.
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Barbituates
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Used in the past for sedation but cause respiratory depression. Replaced by benzodiazepines. Stimulates inhibitory GABA CH cannels and inhibits stimulatory receptors.
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Phenobarbital
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Barbiturate used to treat seizures.
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Thiopental
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Barbiturate used for induction of anesthesia.
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Fiorinal
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Combination of Barbiturate butalbital, aspirin, and caffeine. Migraines.
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Benzodiazepines
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How they work depends on naturally occurrence of GABA. They are lipophilic. Treats:
1. Anxiety 2. Insomnia 3. Delirium Tremens 4. Status epilepticus |
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Xanax (Alprazolam)
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Benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and panic attacks. Very habit forming.
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Ativan (Lorazepam)
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Commonly used Benzodiazepine. Treats, anxiety, DT, status epilepticus.
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Klonopin (Clonazepam)
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Treats apsence seizures. Unlabeled for schizophrenia, neuralgia, depression.
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Restoril (Temazepam)
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Benzodiazepine used for insomnia.
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Valium (Diazepam)
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Occasionally used for anxiety pre-op. Status epilepticus. Called "Mother's Little Helper."
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Halcion (Triazolam)
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First Benzodiazepine. Rapid action, short duration. Induces sleep.
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Dalmane (Flurazepam)
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Benzodiazepine. Longer half-life making it more effective in middle of the night.
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Versed (Midazolam)
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Benzodiazepine given IV before surgery to sedate.
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Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam)
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Benzodiazepine 10x as strong as Valium. Date-rape drug.
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Ambien (Zolpidem)
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New hypnotic treating insomnia. Binds to GABA receptors.
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Lunesta (Eszoplicone)
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New non-benzodiazepine. Activates GABA receptors.
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Atarax (Hydroxyzine)
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Anti-anxiety acting on hypothalamus.
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Buspar (Buspiron)
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Anti-anxiety agent that doesn't have sedative effects. Takes several weeks to be efficacious. Mechanism of action unknown.
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Dilantin (Phenytoin)
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Anti-seizure medication that acts by inhibiting Na channels. Works on everything but absence seizures. Induces CYP-450 so decreases efficacy for other drugs.
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Topomax (Topiramate)
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Inhibits Na channels and augments GABA receptor action.Treats partial complex seizures.
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Tegretol (Carbamazepine)
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Treats grand mal and complex seizures. Inhibits Na channel proteins.
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Trileptal
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Anti-seizure medication similar to Tegretol. Doesn't cause agranulocytosis or aplastic anemia.
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Phenobarbital
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Original anti-seizure medication. Increases sensitivity of GABA receptors. Sedates as well.
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Depakene
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Valproic Acid. Stimulates GABA receptors and might inhibit Na channel depolarization. Only drug effective against all types of seizures.
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Ativan
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Benzodiazepine used to stop status epilepticus.
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Valium
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Benzodiazepine used for stopping status epilepticus
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Klonopin
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Benzodiazepine commonly used to treat absence seizures.
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Neurontin
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NMDA antagonist. Only used when older drugs don't work. Unlabeled use includes: Treatment of bipolar disorder, neuralgic pain, Parkinson's, and schizophrenia.
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Lyrica
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Newer version of Gabapentin. Used for partial seizures and pain. Promoted off label for fibromyalgia.
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations 3. Paranoia 4. Apathy 5. Lack of motivation 6. Lack of energy |
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Haldol
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Treats schizophrenia. Sedates severe behavior problems. Adverse effects:
1. Frequent pyramidal reactions (Parkinson's symptoms). Reduced by giving Cogentin. 2. Anticholinergic effects 3. Tardive dyskinesia 4. Photophobia |
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Thorazine
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Used to treat scizophrenia. Adverse effects:
1. Anticholinergic effects 2. Sedation 3. Anti A1 4. Lesser extrapyramidal effects 5. Photochemical sensitivity 6. Seizures |
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Clozaril
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Antipsychotic drug. The last resort if all other drugs don't work. Causes severe Agranulocytosis.
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Risperdal
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Antipsychotic drug treating bipolar disorder.
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Zyprexa
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Biggest selling antipsychotic drug.
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Compazine
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Antiemetic drug that blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ. Adverse effects:
1. Parkinsons like effects 2. Blurred vision 3. Constipation |
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Marinol
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A tetrahydrocannabinol.
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