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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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bethanechol
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muscarinic agonist
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pilocarpine
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muscarinic agonist
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lacrimator
miotic agent |
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edrophonium
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AChE
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pyridostigmine
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AChE
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Myasthenia gravis, syrup form
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neostigmine
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AChE
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Myasthenia gravis, injectable, when pyridostigmine doesn't work
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Demecarium
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AChE
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Echothiophate
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AChE
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long acting miotic agent
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Atropine
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Muscarinic antagonist (long term)
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reduce pain from ciliary spasm
dilate miotic pupil maintain mydriasis break down recent synechia |
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Propantheline
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Muscarinic antagonist
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Tropicamide
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Muscarinic antagonist
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short term
ocular exam |
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Cyclopentolate
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Parasympatholytic
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ocular exam
relieve ciliary spasm |
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Norepinephrine
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a1, b1
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Epinephrine
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a1, b1, b2
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Isoproterenol
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b1, b2
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phenylephrine
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a1
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xylazine
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a2
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dobutamine
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a1, b1
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terbutaline
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b2
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medetomidine
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a2
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phenylpropanolamine
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a1, b1 (indirect acting)
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dopamin
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a1, b1, delta
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Ephedrine
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a1, b1
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metoprolol
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anti b1
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atenolol
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anti b1
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esmolol
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anti-b1
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timolol
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anti b2
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propranolol
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anti b1, b2
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phenoxybenzamine
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anti a1
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prazosin
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anti a1
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yohimbine
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anti a2
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tolazoline
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anti-a2
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atipamezole
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anti a2
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which receptor is responsible for constriction of the radial muscle of the eye?
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a1
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which receptor is responsible for constricting the circular sphincter of the eye?
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M3
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Blocking which receptor results in decreased aqueous humor production? Which drugs are used?
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b2
timolol, epinephrine (local vasoconstriction) |
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What is the tx strategy for open-angle glaucoma?
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contract sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle to better align trabecular network
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Which drug can be used to dilate the pupil when atropine is contraindicated?
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Epinephrine
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Side effects during edrophonium test?
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bradycardia, airway obstruction
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Myasthenic crisis
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will improve with edrophonium test
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cholinergic crisis
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will not change or transient deterioration with administration of edrophonium
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Which drugs are contraindicated with myasthenia gravis?
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aminoglycosides (decreased ACh)
antiarrhythmics Phenothiazines (anticholinergic effect) Tetracycline (chelate Ca++) Isoflurane Magnesium |
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which adrenergic receptor causes relaxation of bladder wall?
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b2
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Which chemotherapeutic drugs require dose adjustments in renal failure?
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Cisplatin
Carboplatin |
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Which chemotherapeutic drugs require dose adjustments with liver failure?
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Doxorubicin
Vincristine |
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Which glucocorticoids have the greatest mineralocorticoid potency?
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hydrocortisone
cortisone |
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Which glucocorticoids have the greatest anti-inflammatory potency?
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dexamethasone
betamethasone paramethasone |
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Which, of the intermediate-acting glucocorticoids, have mineralocorticoid potency?>
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prednisolone
prednisone |
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Antibiotics not recommended for use in horses
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Erythromycin in adults
Enrofloxacin in foals Vancomycin Lincomycin Clindamycin florfenicol IV doxycycline |
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Which drugs are prohibited for use in cattle?
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Chloramphenicol
Clenbuterol Diesthylstilbestrol Phenylbutazone (dairy >20 months) Nitroimidazole (metronidazole) glycopeptides Furazolidone, nitrofurazone sulfonamides (dairy) Most fluoroquinolones gentian violet |
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Why is phenylbutazone banned in food animals?
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Causes blood dyscrasias, serum sickness, carcinogenic
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Which fluoroquinolone can be used in beef cattle for BRDC, and certain disease in dairy cows?
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Baytril 100
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Why are glycopeptides banned in food animal?
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Vancomycin- reserved for human MRSA cases
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True/False. Ionophore compounds is prohibited in beef but not dairy cattle.
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False. Prohibited in lactating dairy cattle
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What is the Grade-A Pasteurized milk ordinance?
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Cannot use or store in milk house, barn, stable or parlor unapproved or improperly labeled drugs.
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True/False. Aminoglycosides are banned in food animals.
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False. Highly discouraged. Withdrawal of 18 months.
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True/False. Disease-related poor clearance has a greater effect on withdrawal time than increasing dose
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True.
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Who regulates drug residues in poultry, egg and meat?
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National residue program, inspection by USDA (FSIS)
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Who regulates drug residues in milk?
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Industry-regultion under National Milk Safety Program
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When can a drug be used off-label?
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health of animal is threatened
no other approved drugs are labeled for such use valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship |
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Can a human drug be used off-label if an animal drug can be used off-label for the same purpose?
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No.
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These drugs are alpha 2 inhibitors (reversal agents?)
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Yohimbine
Tolazoline Atipamezole |
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These drugs are a1 inhibitors:
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phenoxybenzamine
Prazosin |
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Which beta antagonists work on b1 receptors
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b1 only: metoprolol, atenolol,
esmolol b1 (and b2): propranolol |
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Which beta antagonist works on b2 receptors?
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Timolol (b2 only)
Propranolol (b1 and b2) |
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Which drugs are a1 and b1 agonists?
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Norepinephrine
Epinephrine (a1, b1, b2) Dobutamine Phenylpropanolamine Dopamine Ephedrine |
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Name 2 direct acting muscarinic agonists.
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Bethanehol
Pilocarpine |
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Name the 3 muscarinic antagonists learned in class.
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Atropine
Propantheline Tropicamide |
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Which autonomic receptor is responsible for constricting the pupil?
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M3
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Which autonomic receptor is responsible for constricting the pupil and constricting the ciliary muscles?
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M3
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Which autonomic receptor is responsible for relaxing the ciliary mm?
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b2
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At what intraocular pressure are osmotic agents added in management of glaucoma?
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>40 mmHg
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What should the intraocular pressure be when maintaining a glaucoma patient?
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< 20 mmHg
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For what use are adrenergic agonists used ophthalmically?
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Allergic conjunctivitis- reduce blood flow (phenylephrine, an a1 agonist)
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Which is the only NSAID to irreversibly bind COX1?
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Aspirin
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Which NSAID is available as a topical cream for osteoarthritis pain?
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Diclofenac
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Which 2 drugs have (at least in vitro) both COX and LOX activity?
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Ketoprofen
Tepoxalin |
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Which NSAID can be used in the treatment of certain carcinomas?
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Piroxicam
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Which NSAIDs can cause seizures if given intra-arterially?
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Phenylbutazone
Flunixin (banamine) |
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Which NSAIDs are not for use in food animals?
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Phenylbutazone
Flunixin (banamine) |
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Which NSAID interferes with thyroid hormone?
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Phenylbutazone
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Which NSAID is used in treatment of spasmodic colic?
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Dipyrone (for spasms)
Flunixin meglumate (for better pain relief, endotoxemia) |
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For which NSAID is clostridial myositis a particular concern?
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Flunixin (Banamine)
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Which is the only NSAID labeled for use in cats?
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Robenacoxib
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Which NSAIDs *can* be used in cats?
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Aspirin
Meloxicam Robenacoxib Ketoprofen Prioxicam |
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Which NSAIDs are COX 1 specific?
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Ketoprofen (+LOX?)
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Which NSAIDs are COX2 specific?
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Carprofen (dogs only)
Meloxicam Meclofenamic acid Etodolac (horse) Coxibs |
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At what neutrophil count should chemotherapy dose be lowered 25%?
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< 1000
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Which chemotherapeutic agents cause myelosuppression?
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Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide CCNU (dogs) Vinblastine |
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Which chemotherapeutics are most likely to cause GI signs?
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Cisplatin
Mechlorethamine Procarbazine |
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Which chemotherapeutic agent can cause cardiotoxicity?
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Doxorubicin
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Which chemotherapeutics can cause urologic toxicity?
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Cisplatin
Doxorubicin (cats) Cyclophosphamide (hemorrhagic cystitis) |
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For which chemotherapeutics is extravasation a concern?
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Doxorubicin
Vincristine Actinomycin D Mechlorethamine |
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Which chemotherapeutics should NOT be used in cats?
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Cisplatin
5-fluoruracil |
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Vincristine and 5-fluoruracil both have what toxic side effects?
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Neurotoxicity
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Which antibiotics are static?
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Lincosamides
Macrolides Chloramphenicol Tetracyclines Sulfonamides |
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Which antibiotics have significant PAE?
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Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones |
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Which antibiotics are banned in food animals?
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Sulfonamides (SMZ)
Chloramphenicol |
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Which antibiotic is only used topically or for endotoxemia?
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Polymyxin
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What organisms are lincosamides NOT good for?
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Gram - aerobes
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Which penicillins are effective against Staph?
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Oxacillin
Cloxacillin |
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