Clinical Pathology I Test

Front 1

Psychogenic Drinking

Back 1

Self-induced water intoxication

Front 2

Glomerulonephritis

Back 2

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Front 3

Pyelonephritis

Back 3

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

Front 4

Uremic

Back 4

Having excess urea in the blood

Front 5

Bilirubinemia

Back 5

Presence of bilirubin in the blood

Front 6

Isosthenuria

Back 6

Urine that hasn't been concentrated by the kidneys and has the same osmolarity as plasma

Front 7

Azotemic

Back 7

Increased blood urea, nitrogen, and creatinine

Front 8

Polyuric

Back 8

Increased urination

Front 9

Anuric

Back 9

Absence of urine

Front 10

Oliguric

Back 10

Reduced urine volume

Front 11

Arthrotomy

Back 11

Incision into joint

Front 12

Myringotomy

Back 12

Incision into tympanic membrane

Front 13

Cholecystectomy

Back 13

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

Front 14

Splenectomy

Back 14

Surgical removal of the spleen

Front 15

Thyroidectomy

Back 15

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

Front 16

Nephrostomy

Back 16

Creation of opening in kidney

Front 17

Nephroptosis

Back 17

Downward displacement of the kidney

Front 18

Nephrology

Back 18

Study of the kidney

Front 19

Nephrolithotomy

Back 19

Incision into the kidney to remove stones

Front 20

Cryptorchidism

Back 20

Undescended testicles

Front 21

Vaginodynia

Back 21

Pain in vagina

Front 22

Menorrhagia

Back 22

Excessive bleeding during menstruation

Front 23

Oophorrhagia

Back 23

Hemorrhage / bleeding from an ovary

Front 24

Penectomy

Back 24

Surgical removal of the penis

Front 25

Embryectomy

Back 25

Surgical removal of an embryo

Front 26

Oophorectomy / Ovariectomy

Back 26

Surgical removal of an ovary

Front 27

Hysterectomy

Back 27

Surgical removal of the uterus

Front 28

-Plasty

Back 28

Surgical correction /repair

Front 29

Lipoma

Back 29

Benign fatty tumor

Front 30

Hemangioma

Back 30

Benign tumor of blood vessels, often forming a red birthmark

Front 31

Ascites

Back 31

Fluid in the abdomen

Front 32

Hematoma

Back 32

Blood tumor / bruise

Front 33

Enucleation

Back 33

Surgical removal of an eyeball

Front 34

Proptosed eye

Back 34

Eye dislocated from orbit

Front 35

Orchidectomy

Back 35

Surgical removal of a testicle

Front 36

Nephrectomy

Back 36

Surgical removal of a kidney

Front 37

Onychectomy

Back 37

Surgical removal of a nail

Front 38

Cystostomy

Back 38

Creation of an artificial opening into the bladder

Front 39

Cystocentesis

Back 39

Surgical puncture of the bladder

Front 40

Cystectomy

Back 40

Surgical removal of the bladder

Front 41

-Pexy

Back 41

Surgical fixation

Front 42

Cystotomy

Back 42

Incision into bladder

Front 43

Thoracotomy

Back 43

Incision into the thorax

Front 44

Pleurotomy

Back 44

Incision into pleura

Front 45

Laparotomy

Back 45

Surgical incision into the abdomen

Front 46

-Rrhapy

Back 46

Suturing

Front 47

-Ostomy

Back 47

Surgically create an opening

Front 48

-Otomy

Back 48

Cutting into / making an incision

Front 49

-Ectomy

Back 49

Surgical removal

Front 50

What does Aldosterone cause the retention of?

Back 50

Sodium

Front 51

The retention of sodium increases the what of the intravascular fluid?

Back 51

The osmolarity

Front 52

Where does ADH come from?

Back 52

Posterior pituitary gland

Front 53

What hormones is the posterior pituitary gland responsible for?

Back 53

ADH and oxytocin

Front 54

What does ADH do?

Back 54

Causes the kidney to retain more water

Front 55

Where do bile acids return after being resorbed in the terminal ilium?

Back 55

Liver through portal circulation

Front 56

What do elevated bile acids indicate?

Back 56

Liver disease

Front 57

What is resorption?

Back 57

Tubules to capillaries

Front 58

What is secretion?

Back 58

Capillaries to tubules

Front 59

What is a dog's SG?

Back 59

1.030

Front 60

What is a cat's sg?

Back 60

Greater than 1.050

Front 61

Where does secretion occur?

Back 61

Distal convoluted tubule

Front 62

Where does resorption occur?

Back 62

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 63

What causes Icterus?

Back 63

Excessive bilirubin

Front 64

Why does dehydration increase total protein?

Back 64

Protein is more concentrated because water loss and proteins cannot be diluted and diffused properly

Front 65

Why does dehydration increase urine SG?

Back 65

Urine SG is high because it's not filtered freely through the glomerulus so it becomes more concentrated

Front 66

What does an increase in urine specific gravity mean?

Back 66

Dehydration

Front 67

What is pre hepatic?

Back 67

Pertaining to before the liver

Front 68

Post hepatic

Back 68

After the liver

Front 69

What does obstruction of the bile duct cause?

Back 69

Icterus

Front 70

What causes elevated bilirubin?

Back 70

1. Overproducing

2. Inability to eliminate

Front 71

What produces renin?

Back 71

Kidneys

Front 72

What does renin do?

Back 72

Increases blood pressure

Front 73

What is BUN?

Back 73

Blood urea nitrogen

Front 74

What is BUN a result of?

Back 74

Protein breakdown in the body

Front 75

Who's SG is lower: cats or dogs?

Back 75

Dogs

Front 76

What causes polyuria and polydipsia?

Back 76

Chronic kidney disease

Hyperadrenocorticism

Diabetes mellitus

Front 77

What does PU/PD stand for?

Back 77

Polyuria and polydipsia

Front 78

What causes polyuria?

Back 78

Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus

Front 79

What causes polydipsia?

Back 79

Increased blood glucose levels

Front 80

When will SG be lower?

Back 80

When animals are polyuric

Front 81

When will SG be higher?

Back 81

When animals are oliguric

Front 82

Who's SG is higher: cats or dogs?

Back 82

Cats

Front 83

If urine is dark yellow to yellow brown what SG will it have?

Back 83

High SG

Front 84

What is dark yellow to yellow brown urine associated with?

Back 84

Oliguria

Front 85

Urine that is brown when voided may contain what?

Back 85

Myoglobin

Front 86

What is seen in animals with chronic renal failure even when water is deprived?

Back 86

Isosthenuria

Front 87

What does an increased PCV mean?

Back 87

Dehydration

Front 88

What does an increased TP indicate?

Back 88

Dehydration

Front 89

How does dehydration increase PCV?

Back 89

Because water loss causes more PCV and less plasma in body

Front 90

All blood glucose is reabsorbed where?

Back 90

Capillaries

Front 91

What does albumin help to maintain?

Back 91

Intravascular colloid osmotic pressure

Front 92

What do globulin and osmotic pressure do?

Back 92

They help fluids stay within the vasculature instead of leaking into tissue

Front 93

Where does aldosterone come from?

Back 93

Adrenal gland

Front 94

What is urochrome?

Back 94

Pigment that gives urine its color

Front 95

What is urease?

Back 95

An enzyme that breaks down urea to ammonia to ID bacteria

Front 96

What causes an increase in urine pH?

Back 96

High fiber diet ( plant fiber)

Infection of urinary tract

Front 97

What causes a decrease in urine pH?

Back 97

Fever

High protein diet

Certain drugs

Decrease in diet

Front 98

Define specific gravity

Back 98

The weight or density of a quantity of liquid compared with that of an equal amount of distilled water

Front 99

What is SG determined by?

Back 99

The number and molecular weight of dissolved solutes

Front 100

Where is creatinine filtered?

Back 100

Glomerulus

Front 101

Where is creatinine eliminated?

Back 101

Urine

Front 102

What is hyperbilirubinemia?

Back 102

High levels of bilirubin in the blood causing jaundice

Front 103

Where are bile acids synthesized?

Back 103

In the liver from cholesterol

Front 104

Where are bile acids secreted into?

Back 104

Bile canniculi

Front 105

Canniculi

Back 105

Small canals that radiate from lacunae

Front 106

Where are bile acids stored?

Back 106

Gallbladder

Front 107

What PH is alkaline?

Back 107

Above 7.0

Front 108

What PH is acidic?

Back 108

Below 7.0

Front 109

Why do you see glucose in urine?

Back 109

The tubular resorption cannot keep up with the glomerular filtration

Front 110

What is the result of diabetes mellitus?

Back 110

Glucose that cannot be filtrated

Front 111

What causes an obstruction of the bile duct?

Back 111

Gallstones or other things that cause bilirubin to back up in blood

Front 112

What can destruction or damage to liver cells cause?

Back 112

Icterus

Front 113

What is hyperbilirubinemia?

Back 113

Excessive bilirubin in the blood

Front 114

What is diabetes insipidus caused by?

Back 114

Lack of ADH

Front 115

What is diabetes mellitus caused by?

Back 115

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Front 116

Myoglobinuria

Back 116

Presence of myoglobin in urine

Front 117

Hematuria

Back 117

Presence of blood in urine

Front 118

What will an increase in osmolarity do?

Back 118

Increase blood pressure

Front 119

Where is some of the urea waste returned?

Back 119

To blood through renal tubules

Front 120

Renal azotemia is what?

Back 120

Elevated BUN

Front 121

What do bile acids aid in?

Back 121

Fat digestion

Front 122

Bile acids are carried in bile to where?

Back 122

Duodenum

Front 123

What animal does not have a gallbladder?

Back 123

Horses

Front 124

What is pre renal azotemia?

Back 124

An abnormally high level of nitrogen waste products in the blood

Front 125

What is post renal azotemia caused by?

Back 125

Obstruction of urinary flow

Front 126

Where is creatinine diffused from?

Back 126

Muscle cells

Front 127

Where does creatinine go after it is diffused?

Back 127

Body fluids such as blood

Front 128

What color is urine in polydipsic animals?

Back 128

Pale or light yellow

Front 129

What SG do animals with polydipsia have?

Back 129

Low SG

Front 130

Why do animals have oliguria?

Back 130

They don't have access to water

Front 131

What SG do animals with oliguria have?

Back 131

High SG

Front 132

Where is creatinine found?

Back 132

Skeletal muscle

Front 133

What is creatinine a product of?

Back 133

Muscle metabolism

Front 134

What is creatinine?

Back 134

Waste product of muscle metabolism