Clinical Pathology

Front 1

This instrument is used to measure total protein and specific gravity

Back 1

Refractometer

Front 2

What instrument is the 'cornerstone' of the lab?

Back 2

Microscope

Front 3

This instrument is used to separate solids from fluid portions

Back 3

Centrifuge

Front 4

This is used in performing what?

Back 4

a complete urinalysis

Front 5

The hi-dry power lens on the microscope has a magnification of what?

Back 5

40X

Front 6

This stain is used to stain blood smears to look for reticulocytes

Back 6

New methylene blue

Front 7

The ocular lens on the microscope magnifies the objective lens being used how much?

Back 7

10x

Front 8

True or False: Because of the costs, it is best to send some tests out to be done, even if most labwork is done in house.

Back 8

T

Front 9

Technicians __________ results, veterinarians _________ them.

Back 9

generate; interpret

Front 10

True or False: Due to the cost of stains, you should add more to what is being used only when needed.

Back 10

F

Front 11

when you are using the microscope and you use the 100X lens, you are actually magnifying the object you are looking at how many times? Selected Answer:

Back 11

1000X

Front 12

denatured hemoglobin is a small, round to irregular refractile inclusion

Back 12

Heinz Body

Front 13

clumping of cells

Back 13

agglutination

Front 14

increased erythrocyte count

Back 14

Erythrocytosis

Front 15

decrease in three cell lines

Back 15

pancytopenia

Front 16

increased number of basophils

Back 16

basophilia

Front 17

ruptured leukocyte

Back 17

smudge cell

Front 18

larger than normal RBC

Back 18

macrocyte

Front 19

a spheroid RBC, smaller in size than normal

Back 19

spherocyte

Front 20

granulocyte with a nucleus that is unsegmented

Back 20

band form

Front 21

increased number of platelets

Back 21

thrombocytosis

Front 22

Increased PCV

Back 22

polycythemia

Front 23

Variation in shape of red blood cells

Back 23

poikilocytosis

Front 24

A left shift is an increased number of ?

Back 24

immature neutrophils

Front 25

Stacking of erythrocytes

Back 25

rouleaux formation

Front 26

largest part of the brain

Back 26

cerebrum

Front 27

contusion

Back 27

bruising

Front 28

without coordination

Back 28

ataxia

Front 29

pia mater

Back 29

deepest layer of the meninges

Front 30

oligo-

Back 30

few

Front 31

astro

Back 31

star

Front 32

cyte

Back 32

cell

Front 33

cranio

Back 33

skull

Front 34

myelo

Back 34

spinal cord

Front 35

hematocrit

Back 35

HCT

Front 36

TOTAL BILIRUBIN

Back 36

TBIL

Front 37

ag

Back 37

antigen

Front 38

Total Protein

Back 38

TP

Front 39

prothrombin time

Back 39

PT

Front 40

heartworm

Back 40

hw

Front 41

Complete blood count

Back 41

CBC

Front 42

packed cell volume

Back 42

PCV

Front 43

Antibody

Back 43

ab

Front 44

What is Hematopoiesis?

Back 44

The production of blood cells

Front 45

Hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates erythropoiesis

Back 45

erythropoeitin

Front 46

T-lymphocytes develop in the

Back 46

Thymus

Front 47

During the __________ stage of a dog's life hematopoiesis is at a maximum and it is harder to make up for blood loss

Back 47

growth

Front 48

An increase in immature neutrophils is called a

Back 48

left shift

Front 49

Cats have _______ to ______ times as many neutrophils in the marginal pool as they do in the circulating pool under normal circumstances

Back 49

2-3

Front 50

The ______ ___________ is the primary site for the production of blood cells in the adult animal.

Back 50

bone marrow

Front 51

Lymphocytes that mature in the bone marrow are called _______ lymphoctyes

Back 51

B lymphocytes

Front 52

In the dog, it normally takes ________ day(s) for a reticulocyte to mature in the circulating blood.

Back 52

one

Front 53

A megakaryocyte is a precursor of

Back 53

platelets

Front 54

Which form of the reticulocyte should be counted when doing a retic count on a cat?

Back 54

Aggregate

Front 55

The production of granules begins in the __________ stage of leucopoiesis.

Back 55

myelocyte

Front 56

Which leukocyte pool contains segmented WBC's ready for immediate use

Back 56

storage pool

Front 57

As a blood cell matures, it _________ in size

Back 57

decreases

Front 58

True or False: A reticulocyte will continue to mature after it enters the circulating blood

Back 58

T

Front 59

fibrous outer layer of the eye

Back 59

sclera

Front 60

third eyelid

Back 60

nictitans

Front 61

procedure using an instrument to measure intraocular pressure indirectly

Back 61

tonometry

Front 62

external portion of the ear

Back 62

pinna

Front 63

inflammation of the eardrum

Back 63

myringitis

Front 64

left ear

Back 64

AS

Front 65

both eyes

Back 65

OU

Front 66

right eye

Back 66

OD

Front 67

potassium

Back 67

K

Front 68

Iron

Back 68

Fe

Front 69

Too much anticoagulant (EDTA) can cause:

Back 69

creantion

Front 70

A technician is asked to collect a blood sample to perform a manual CBC and cellular morphology analysis. Which is the preferred anticoagulant for the blood collection?

Back 70

EDTA

Front 71

A technician needs to collect 1.5 ml of blood. which is the best size syringe to use to collect the sample

Back 71

3mL

Front 72

purple top tube

Back 72

EDTA

Front 73

Green top tube

Back 73

Heparin

Front 74

used to preserve glucose

Back 74

fluorides

Front 75

used in blood transfusions that are going to be done soon

Back 75

sodium citrates

Front 76

clot activator tube

Back 76

Tiger top

Front 77

Ideally, ample blood should be collected to yield enough serum, plasma, or whole blood to run all of the planned assays how many times?

Back 77

3 times

Front 78

When multiple samples of blood are needed from a patient, the tube containing which type of anticoagulant should be drawn first?

Back 78

citrate

Front 79

A 10 ml blood sample is taken from a well-hydrated animal. How much fluid should the sample yield?

Back 79

5 ml

Front 80

out of 1 points

You should allow your blood to clot, loosen or "ring" the clot, and centrifuge to obtain

Back 80

serum

Front 81

tylenol poisoning

Back 81

methemoglobin

Front 82

chocolate colored blood

Back 82

methemoglobin

Front 83

carbon dioxide poisoning

Back 83

carboxyhemoglobin

Front 84

lavendaer colored blood

Back 84

sulfhemoglobin

Front 85

cherry red blood

Back 85

carboxyhemoglobin

Front 86

irreversible

Back 86

carboxyhemoglobin

Front 87

results from normal aging process of erythrocytes

Back 87

sulfhemoglobin

Front 88

occurs naturally in plasma and RBCs but must be converted to hemoglobin for oxygen delivery

Back 88

METHEMOGLOBIN

Front 89

This test should be done when a dog's PCV is less than 30%

Back 89

Reticulocyte count

Front 90

The oxygen carrying pigment of the blood

Back 90

hemoglobin

Front 91

measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood

Back 91

PCV

Front 92

abnormal yellowish discoloration of plasma or serum

Back 92

icterus

Front 93

layer of material above the packed erythrocytes after centrifugation

Back 93

buffy coat

Front 94

fatty material in plasma or serum

Back 94

lipemia

Front 95

High MCV

Back 95

macrocytic

Front 96

normal MCHC

Back 96

normochromic

Front 97

low MCHC

Back 97

hypochromic

Front 98

____________ tells you the average size of RBCs

Back 98

MCV

Front 99

Which is another term for hematocrit?

Back 99

PCV

Front 100

Which test is not specifically considered a hematologic test but is an important part of the complete blood count and is completed on the regractometer?

Back 100

TP

Front 101

Which of the following erythrocyte indices measures the weight of the hemoglobin in the average erythrocyte?

Back 101

MCHC

Front 102

Humoral immunity

Back 102

b bells

Front 103

malignant tumor

Back 103

hemangiosarcoma

Front 104

interstitial fluid

Back 104

lymph

Front 105

not susceptible

Back 105

resistant

Front 106

toslow or stop

Back 106

inhibit

Front 107

While it may be seen in many species, which species is more likely to have rouleaux formation in the RBCs _________________

Back 107

horses

Front 108

In which species is it more likely for the platelets to be larger than the erythrocytes?

Back 108

cats

Front 109

A manual WBC or Platelet count is done on what special glass slide that has a grid etched into it? _____________________

Back 109

hemacytometer

Front 110

The term that means clumping of RBCs

Back 110

agglutination

Front 111

Reptile and avian RBCs are ____________ and ________________.

Back 111

oval and nucleated

Front 112

Neutrophil

Back 112

granulocyte

Front 113

monocyte

Back 113

agranulocyte

Front 114

basophil

Back 114

granulocyte

Front 115

eosinophil

Back 115

granulocyte

Front 116

Lymphocyte

Back 116

agranulocyte

Front 117

red granules in cytoplasm

Back 117

eosinophil

Front 118

most numerous cell found in the blood of a healthy animal

Back 118

erythrocyte

Front 119

instead of neutrophils, birds and reptiles have

Back 119

heterophils

Front 120

rarely seen in normal canine's blood

Back 120

basophils

Front 121

most numerous white blood cell found in the normal canine's blood

Back 121

neutrophil

Front 122

normally, the largest of the white blood cells

Back 122

monocyte

Front 123

WBC associated with immune system

Back 123

lymphocyte

Front 124

Most numerous white blood cell in normal bovine blood

Back 124

lymphocyte

Front 125

increased numbers during parasitic infections

Back 125

eosinophils

Front 126

smallest WBC

Back 126

lymphocyte

Front 127

increased numbers during acute infections

Back 127

neutrophils

Front 128

increased # seen in chronic infections

Back 128

monocytes

Front 129

Red blood cells are measured in ____________ per microliter

Back 129

millions

Front 130

WBCs are measured in ______________ per microliter

Back 130

thousands

Front 131

Platelets are measured in ____________ per microliter

Back 131

hundred thousands

Front 132

A microliter is _____________ of a ml.

Back 132

1/1000

Front 133

True or False: The majority of species have the same size RBCs.

Back 133

F

Front 134

exam by feeling

Back 134

palpation

Front 135

determination of the cause of disease

Back 135

diagnosis

Front 136

set of signs that occur together

Back 136

syndrome

Front 137

pertaining to a fever

Back 137

febrile

Front 138

disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans is said to be

Back 138

zoonotic

Front 139

Speed at which something travels through an object

Back 139

VELOCITY

Front 140

afflicted with disease

Back 140

morbid

Front 141

The act of listening

Back 141

auscultation

Front 142

disorder caused by veterinarians

Back 142

iatrogenic

Front 143

study of disease

Back 143

etiology

Front 144

A reticulocyte is an _____________________ RBC with enough nuclear material to pick up some of the blue stain in the Romanowsky stains.

Back 144

immature

Front 145

once you have prepared a blood film, stained it and focused on 100X, how is a platelet estimation done?

Back 145

Once you have prepared a blood film, stained it and focused it on 100X, a platelet estimation is done by counting the number of platelets per field in ten different fields, then diving by ten to get an average

Front 146

how will you know you are in the monolayer area of the slide when looking through the microscope

Back 146

When looking through the microscope, you will know you are in the monolayer area because the cells are not piled up on each other like they are in the body, but they're also not very spread out like they are in the feathered edge.

Front 147

What is the average number of platelets seen per oil immersion field in a platelet estimation?

Back 147

7 to 10

Front 148

Some hematology machines will read clumps of platelets as

Back 148

WBCs

Front 149

Total number of WBCs usually counted in a WBC differential is

Back 149

100

Front 150

The monolayer has this appearance when you hold your slide up to the light when you have properly prepared a blood film

Back 150

rainbow

Front 151

Stain used for reticulocyte count

Back 151

new methylene blue

Front 152

Results from a blood film should be recorded using which objective on the microscope

Back 152

100X

Front 153

This species tends to have more clumping of platelets

Back 153

feline

Front 154

Corrected WBC should be performed if 5 or more of these are found on a WBC differential

Back 154

nucleated RBCs

Front 155

White or milky colored plasma

Back 155

lipemia

Front 156

yellow to orange colored plasma

Back 156

icteric

Front 157

True or False: Normally, platelets are about the same shape and size throughout the slide

Back 157

F

Front 158

substance that prevents vomiting

Back 158

antiemitic

Front 159

hrough routes other than the gastrointestinal tract

Back 159

PARENTERAL

Front 160

originating within the body

Back 160

endogenous

Front 161

instrument used to reflect tissue from the bone

Back 161

elevator

Front 162

Forceps with cupped jaws used to break large bone pieces into smaller ones

Back 162

rongeurs

Front 163

Twice daily

Back 163

BID

Front 164

q4 hours

Back 164

every 4 hours

Front 165

four times a day

Back 165

qid

Front 166

tablespoon

Back 166

T

Front 167

orally

Back 167

PO

Front 168

What is the normal average specific gravity for a dog

Back 168

1.025

Front 169

____________ are formed during fatty acid catabolism

Back 169

ketones

Front 170

Increase in total urine volume

Back 170

polyuria

Front 171

intact RBCs in urine

Back 171

hematuria

Front 172

discomfort in urination

Back 172

dysuria

Front 173

white precip in foam tests indicates this

Back 173

protein

Front 174

Best method to get a sterile urine sample

Back 174

cystocentisis

Front 175

before meals

Back 175

preprandial

Front 176

micturition

Back 176

natural voiding

Front 177

frequent urination

Back 177

pollakiuria

Front 178

absence of utine

Back 178

anuria

Front 179

normal waste product of hemoglobin

Back 179

urobilinogen

Front 180

excessive WBCs in urine

Back 180

pyuria

Front 181

hydrogen ion concentration

Back 181

pH

Front 182

specific gravity of 1.010

Back 182

isothenuria

Front 183

If urine is sitting at room temp for a long period of time, the following changes may occur:

Back 183

Increase in pH and bacteria, decrease in bilirubin and glucose, formation of crystals, disintegration of casts and RBCs

Front 184

What are the parts to the physical exam of urine?

Back 184

Odor, Color, Clarity, Foam Test

Front 185

Hematuria will produce the following results:

Back 185

Red/Cloudy Urine, green spots on reagent pad, looses red color and forms button with centrifuging, RBCs on sediment exam

Front 186

All urinary tract pathogenic bacteria can convert nitrate to nitrite

Back 186

F

Front 187

It is fairly common to get a false positive on the dipstick for WBCs

Back 187

T

Front 188

luster

Back 188

shine

Front 189

white paws

Back 189

socks

Front 190

tame/easygoing

Back 190

docile

Front 191

not thriving

Back 191

thrifty

Front 192

the way an animal moves

Back 192

gait

Front 193

feline claws can be drawn back because they are

Back 193

refractile

Front 194

a wile animal is called

Back 194

feral

Front 195

mixed breed of any animal

Back 195

mongrel