Clinical Pathology 2 Assignment 2

Front 1

Absolute value

Back 1

The number of each type of leukocyte in peripheral blood. This is calculated by multiplying the relative percentage from the differential count by the total white blood cell count.

Front 2

Basophil

Back 2

A granular leukocyte with an irregularly shaped, relatively pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes and with cytoplasm that contains coarse bluish-black granules of variable size.

Front 3

Coverslip smear

Back 3

A method of preparing a blood film with the use of two coverslips

Front 4

Eosin

Back 4

A type of pink to red acid dye that is a component of differential stains; primarily used for the routine staining of blood films. The pink component of Romanowsky stains

Front 5

Eosinophil

Back 5

A granulocyte with granules that have an affinity for the acidic components of stain. (stain pink)

Front 6

Heterophil

Back 6

A leukocyte of avain, reptile and some fish species that contains prominent eosinophilic granules; functionally equivalent to the mammalian neutrophil.

Front 7

Lymphocyte

Back 7

A leukocyte that is involved in the inflammatory process and that also has roles in humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Front 8

Megathrombocytes

Back 8

Abnormally large platelets that are usually newly formed; seen in greater numbers during an increase in platelet production.

Front 9

Methanol

Back 9

Methyl alcohol

Front 10

Methylene blue

Back 10

The blue component of Romanowsky stains.

Front 11

Monocyte

Back 11

A precursor cell representing a stage in the development of the tissue macrophage; after a monocyte leaves the bloodstream and enters tissue at the site of inflammation, it becomes an activated macrophage.

Front 12

Neutrophil

Back 12

A leukocyte that functions to phagocytize infectious agents and cellular debris; plays a major role in the inflammatory process.

Front 13

Neutophilia

Back 13

An abnormal increase in the number of neutrophils seen in a peripheral blood sample.

Front 14

Platelets

Back 14

Irregular, disc shaped fragments of megakaryocytes in the blood that assist with blood clotting.

Front 15

Romanowsky stain

Back 15

Common stain used for blood films, includes Wrights, and Wright-Giemsa stains. Consist of a fixative, usually 95% methanol and buffered solutions of eosin and methylene blue.

Front 16

Wedge smear

Back 16

most common type of blood film preparation

Front 17

Wright-Giemsa stain

Back 17

a type of Romanowsky stain

Front 18

Acanthocyte

Back 18

An erythrocyte with spiny projections of varying lengths distributed irregularly over its surface.

Front 19

Anisocytosis

Back 19

variation in the size of RBCs

Front 20

Anulocyte

Back 20

bowl shaped RBCs

Front 21

Apoptosis

Back 21

the death of single cells by a process involving shrinkage, rapid fragmentation, and the engulfment of the fragments by neighboring cells and macrophages.

Front 22

Atypical lymphocyte

Back 22

a general term used to describe a lymphocyte with morphological abnormalities.

Front 23

Autoagglutination

Back 23

the clumping or agglutination of an individual's cells by that individual's own serum, usually because of the presence of autoantibodies.

Front 24

Basophilic stippling

Back 24

erythrocytes that are characterized by small, blue-staining granules; this represents the presence of residual RNA

Front 25

Codocyte

Back 25

an erythrocyte that is characterized by an increased membrane surface area relative to the cell's volume.

AKA target cells or Mexican hat cells, they have the appearance of a bullseye due to a ring of pallor

Front 26

Dacryocyte

Back 26

RBC shaped like a teardrop

Front 27

Dohle body

Back 27

small, grey-blue areas that represent ribosomes and that are seen in the cytoplasm of some immature and toxic granulocytes

Front 28

Drepanocyte

Back 28

sickle shaped RBC

Front 29

Echinocyte

Back 29

RBC with multiple small projections that are evenly spaced over the cell circumference

Front 30

Heinz body

Back 30

round structures of RBCs that represent denatured hemoglobin and that appear as a pale area when stained with Wright's stain

Front 31

Howell-Jolly body

Back 31

basophilic inclusions of young erythrocytes that represent nuclear remnants.

Front 32

Hyperchromatophilic

Back 32

a term that refers to a cell that appears darker than normal on a peripheral blood smear.

Front 33

Hypersegmented

Back 33

a neutrophil with more than five segmented lobes

Front 34

Hypochromasia

Back 34

RBC with decreased staining intensity as a result of a decrease in hemoglobin concentration

Front 35

Hyposegmentation

Back 35

term used to describe the nucleus of a leukocyte with fewer than normal segments.

Front 36

Karyolysis

Back 36

the degeneration or dissolution of a cell nucleus

Front 37

Karyorrhexis

Back 37

the fragmentation of a cell nucleus

Front 38

Keratocyte

Back 38

abnormally shaped RBC that appears to have horns

Front 39

Leptocyte

Back 39

RBC characterized by an increased membrane surface area relative to cell volume.

AKA Mexican hat cells, similar to codocytes. Some people make the distinction that leptocytes do not have a complete ring of pallor, creating a "C" shape rather than a ring

Front 40

Macrocytosis

Back 40

condition in which a cell is abnormally large

Front 41

Microcytosis

Back 41

cell that is much smaller than normal

Front 42

Nucleated erythrocyte

Back 42

immature RBC that still contains a nucleus.

Front 43

Pelger-Huet anomaly

Back 43

inherited anomaly characterized by the appearance of bilobed neutrophils in a peripheral blood sample

Front 44

Poikilocytosis

Back 44

any abnormal cell shape

Front 45

Pyknosis

Back 45

the presence of condensed nuclear chromatin in a degenerating cell

Front 46

Reactive lymphocyte

Back 46

have increased basophilia in the cytoplasm, they may have more abundant cytoplasm, and they sometimes contain a larger and more convoluted nucleus.

Front 47

Rouleaux

Back 47

RBCs that appear to be arranged in a column or stack, like a stack of coins.

Front 48

Schistocyte

Back 48

fragmented RBCs that are usually formed as a result of shearing of the red blood cell by intravascular trauma

Front 49

Smudge cell

Back 49

a leukocyte that has ruptured.

Front 50

Spherocyte

Back 50

an intensely stained erythrocyte that has reduced or no central pallor

Front 51

Stomatocyte

Back 51

an erythrocyte with a linear area of central pallor

Front 52

Target cell

Back 52

a leptocyte with a peripheral ring of cytoplasm surrounded by a clear area and a dense, central, rounded area of pigment

Front 53

Torocyte

Back 53

RBCs with a punched out appearance

Front 54

Toxic granulation

Back 54

intensely stained primary granules