Clinical Neuroanatomy

Front 1

Anterior Cerebral Artery supplies what areas of the brain with blood?

Back 1

midline of the brain, supplying the legs of the homunculus.

Front 2

Middle Cerebral Artery supplies what areas of the brain?

Back 2

the majority of the lateral aspects of parietal, frontal and part of the temporal lobes.

Front 3

The posterior cerebral artery supplies which aspects of the brain?

Back 3

inferior aspects circumferentially.

Front 4

injection of dye into the right subclavian artery will illuminate which arteries?

Back 4

both the vertebral and carotid circulations

Front 5

injection of dye into the left subclavian artery will illuminate which arteries

Back 5

the left vertebral artery only.

Front 6

if a patient presents with CNIII weakness, which arteries may have aneurysms pressing on the nerve?

Back 6

posterior cerebral artery or the superior cerebellar artery.

Front 7

from where do the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries originate?

Back 7

from the vertebral arteries

Front 8

from where do the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries originate?

Back 8

from the basilar artery near the juncture of the vertebral arteries

Front 9

from where do the superior cerebellar arteries originate?

Back 9

from the basilar artery very near the posterior cerebral arteries

Front 10

Describe the flow of CSF in the brain.

Back 10

secreted by choroid plexus into Right and Left Lateral Ventricles --> through interventricular foramina into Third Ventricle --> through cerebral aqueduct into Fourth Ventricle --> through the Middle foramen of Magendie or either Lateral foramina of Luschka --> into subarachnoid space --> into superior sagittal sinus

Front 11

which artery is generally involved in an epidural hemorrhage?

Back 11

middle meningeal artery

Front 12

which arteries supply the internal capsules?

Back 12

anterior choroidal artery and striate arteries

Front 13

when do sensory fibers have synapses?

Back 13

just prior to crossing-over

Front 14

what tract contains pain-temperature sensory nerves?

Back 14

spinothalamic tract

Front 15

when does the spinothalamic tract cross-over to the contralateral side?

Back 15

at the level it enters the spinal cord through the ventral white rami

Front 16

What tract in the spinal cord and brainstem carries proprioceptive and vibration sense fibers?

Back 16

posterior columns in spinal cord and medial lemniscus in brainstem

Front 17

where do the proprioceptive fibers cross-over to the contralateral side?

Back 17

at the junction between the spinal cord and brain stem

Front 18

What spinal tracts carry light touch fibers?

Back 18

both spinothalamic tracts and posterior columns

Front 19

what spinal tract carries fibers for unconscious stereognosis and proprioception?

Back 19

spinocerebellar tract

Front 20

at what level does the spinocerebellar tract cross-over to the contralateral side?

Back 20

it doesn't cross. It remains ipsilateral

Front 21

the superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles connect with which parts of the brainstem?

Back 21

superior -> midbrain; middle -> pons; inferior -> medulla

Front 22

what are the signs of an upper motor neuron lesion?

Back 22

spastic paralysis, no muscle atrophy, no fasciculations, hyperreflexia, Babinski

Front 23

what are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion?

Back 23

flaccid paralysis, significant atrophy, fasciculations and fibrillations, hyporeflexia

Front 24

what are the symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Back 24

combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs. weakness, atrophy, fibrillations and fasciculations, combined with hyperreflexia

Front 25

where are the lesions in ALS?

Back 25

anterior horns and corticospinal tracts

Front 26

where are the lesions in tertiary syphilis?

Back 26

posterior columns, but may extend into posterior roots and root ganglia resulting in loss of proprioception and possibly loss of pain/temperature sense of lower extremities

Front 27

what are the symptoms of pernicious anemia?

Back 27

proprioceptive loss and upper motor neuron weakness

Front 28

where are the lesions in pernicious anemia?

Back 28

posterior columns and corticospinal tracts

Front 29

where does polio create lesions in the spinal cord?

Back 29

ventral horn cells

Front 30

Where is the lesion in Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Back 30

peripheral nerves affecting both anterior and posterior nerve rootlets. Results in ipsilateral LMN paralysis and sensory loss

Front 31

describe decorticate posturing

Back 31

flexion of the wrist and elbow and extension of the ankle and knee

Front 32

describe decerebrate posturing

Back 32

extension of elbow, ankle, knee, and flexion of the wrist.

Front 33

if a patient has bilateral pain/temperature loss and bilateral lower motor neuron paralysis at approximately the same levels, what is the diagnosis and where is the lesion?

Back 33

Sphingomyelia; a degenerative disease of central brainstem or spinal cord. It affects crossing of pain-temperature fibers and may extend to the motor tracts, depending on shape and size

Front 34

where is the lesion in a bilateral loss of sensation in hands or feet in a glove or stocking distribution?

Back 34

peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes or alcohol... may be hysterical or organic

Front 35

what causes Brown-Sequard syndrome? What are symptoms?

Back 35

hemisection of cervical spinal cord --> results in loss of contralateral pain/temperature sensation and ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception

Front 36

Function of CN I?

Back 36

smells

Front 37

Function of CN II?

Back 37

sees

Front 38

function of CN III, IV, VI?

Back 38

moves eyes (CN III also constricts pupils and accommodates)

Front 39

Function of CN V?

Back 39

chews and feels front of head

Front 40

Function of CN VII?

Back 40

moves the face, tastes, salivates, cries

Front 41

Function of CN VIII?

Back 41

hears, regulates balance

Front 42

Function of CN IX?

Back 42

tastes, salivates, swallows, monitors carotid body and sinus

Front 43

Function of CN X?

Back 43

tastes, swallows, lifts palate, talks, communication to and from thoraco-abdominal viscera

Front 44

Function of CN XI?

Back 44

turns head, lifts shoulders

Front 45

Function of CN XII?

Back 45

moves tongue

Front 46

what are the 5 purely motor cranial nerves?

Back 46

CN III, IV, VI, XI, XII

Front 47

What are the four mixed motor/sensory cranial nerves?

Back 47

CN V, VII, IX, X

Front 48

what nucleus holds the somatic motor components of CN IX and CN X?

Back 48

nucleus ambiguous

Front 49

what nucleus holds the visceral sensory component to CN VII, IX and X?

Back 49

nucleus solitarius

Front 50

what nucleus holds the visceral motor component of CN VII and IX?

Back 50

salivatory nucleus