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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infection of the upper urinary tract, consisting of the kidney and its pelvis, is known as _
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pyelonephritis.
sx include fever |
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What symptoms are present in a patient who has cystitis?
What would you expect to see in a urine sample? |
Frequency, Urgency, Dysuria
Malodorous, (possibly bloody) urine, with WBCs and bacteria |
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What symptoms are present in a patient who has pyelonephritis?
What would you expect to see in a urine sample? |
(frequency, urgency, dysuria), Fever
(wbcs, bacteria) Cellular Casts, Protein |
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The virulence factors of a bacteria are what determine how capable it is to cause a UTI. Genes for these virulence factors are linked together as mutligene segments called...
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Pathogenicity Islands
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K1 antigen of E Coli is responsible for _
P pili _ |
impeding phagocytosis (blocks binding of C3b opsonin)
allows bacteria to bind to P blood group antigens on urinary tract cells |
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Proteus sp are gram _, _(O2)_.
They most commonly cause UTIs via _ |
gram negative rods, facultative anaerobes
catheters (opportunistic infections) |
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What are the characteristic features of Proteus sp?
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Highly motile (swarms across agar)
Urease Positive (convert urea to ammonia, raising pH) - precipitates normal soluble ions to form calculi |
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_ will infect the kidneys more commonly than E coli
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Proteus Mirabilis
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What is a potential treatment option for Proteus mirabilis UTIs?
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Para-nitrophenyl glycerol (PNPG) - this is an anti-swarming agent.
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60 yo woman presents with urinary urgency, frequency, pain on urination, and fever, History reveals recent catheterization. Lab studies show a gram negative, facultative anaerobe that is urease positive. What etiologic agent do you suspect?
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Proteus (mirabilis)
this often is the result of catheters |
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60 yo woman presents with urinary urgency, frequency, pain on urination, and fever, History reveals recent catheterization. Lab studies show a gram negative, facultative anaerobe that is urease positive. How do you treat?
What antibiotics are not effective against this organism? |
(proteus mirabilis)
Broad spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins Not susceptible to Nitrofurantoin or tetracycline. Increasing resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim, and cipro |
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??
Gram Negative rod, facultative anaerobe that produces a dry, pink colony on Mac Conkey. |
E coli
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Microscopic slide shows single, paired, and clustered gram positive cocci. Lab studies show catalase (+), coagulase (-), and resistance to novobiocin. Dx?
What type of patients classically have this type of UTI? |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Young sexually active females |
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Gram neg rode that is urease positive, non motile, and utilizes citrate as it's sole carbon source?
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Klebsiella
K Pneumoniae is most common, which possesses a polysaccharide capsule which is responsible for it's moist, mucoid colonies. |
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Gram negative rod that is urease positive and motile?
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Proteus sp
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Black growth on bile esculin agar, dx?
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enterococcus (faecalis is mc)
gram pos cocci |
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Gram neg bacilli, urease negative, utilizes citrate as it's sole carbon source.?
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Enterobacter
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Germ tube production positive....dx?
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Candida albicans
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A gram negative rod is isolated and grown at room temperature. The colony is a brick red color. When grown at body temperature, the pigment is absent. Dx?
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Serratia marcescens
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E coli releases _ which causes inflammation.
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Endotoxin (LPS)
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2nd MC UTI bug? It is an opportunistic infection that is transmitted via catheters or structural abnormalities of the urinary tract??
What are the properties? |
Proteus Vulgaris, proteus mirabilis
Gram - rods, facultative anaerobes. HIGHLY MOTILE, Urease + |
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Culture comes back with ripples in the medium. It is also urease +. Dx?
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Proteus vulgaris
this is 2nd to E coli for the cause of UTIs, and will infect kidneys more commonly than E coli |
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Patient develops magnesium ammonium phosphate stones secondary to a UTI. What is the likely pathogen?
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Proteus mirabilis
Because proteus hydrolyzes urea, it increases the pH and precipitates normally soluble ions. Also could include calcium phosphate stones |
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What is a potential treatment option for proteus mirabilis UTIs?
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PNHG - para-nitrophenyl glycerol = an anti swarming agent
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"honey moon cystitis" is what species?
This is a gram (+/-) cocci/bacillus What is one distinguishing feature? |
Staph Saprophyticus
Gram + cocci, resistant to novobiocin |
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Serratia marcescnes is a gram (+/-) cocci/bacillus
What is one distinguishing feature? |
gram - bacilli
BRICK RED PIGMENT at room temp (loses it's ability at body temp) |
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Black discoloration on bile esculin agar?
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Enterococcus faecalis
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Gram neg, non motile, aerobic bacilli that forms large mucoid colonies?
What is responsibly for the mucoid appearance? |
Klebsiella sp
Large mucoid polysaccharaide capsul (K antigen) |
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_ and _ can cause catheter associated UTIs, but are NOT commonly in the GI tract. Therefore, isolation from a catheterized patient implies acquisition from an exogenous source
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Serratia marcescens (brick red pigment)
Psuedomonas cepacis |
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What organism is ass w/ bladder carcinoma?
How can you diagnose a UTI from this organism? |
Urinary tract schistosomiasis
Schistosoma haematobium identify and speciate the eggs in the urine (most likely present in urine from 10 a to 2pm) --> mix with distilled water and look for hatching miracidia |
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UTI caused by _ is suspicious for _
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urinary schistosomiasis
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How would you treat urinary schistosomiasis?
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Praxiquantel (antihelmintics)
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What + results from a routine UA will trigger the lab to pull the urine for microscopic examination?
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Protein, Blood, Nitrite, or Leukocytes
-- also, clarity, find out why it's not clear |
