Clinical Method Exam 2: Lab 2 Physical Exam

Front 1

CLINICAL METHOD EXAM 2: LAB 2 PHYSICAL EXAM

Back 1

CLINICAL METHOD EXAM 2: LAB 2 PHYSICAL EXAM

Front 2

Four things to do in a physical exam?

Back 2

1. Palpate
2. Auscultate
3. Percuss
4. Inspect

Front 3

When performing inspection, you should check for?

Back 3

1. jugular vein distension (JVD)
2. abdomen for pulsating abdominal aorta

Front 4

What should you check the precordium for?

Back 4

Thrills

Front 5

Precordium

Back 5

Area of body over the heart and lower chest.

Front 6

The diaphragm of stethescope can be used for?

Back 6

Detecting high pitched sounds of S1 and S2, murmurs of aortic and mitral regurgitation.

NOTE: diaphragm is the side of larger diameter.

Front 7

The bell of the stethescope can be used for?

Back 7

For low pitched sounds of S3 and S4 and mitral stenosis murmur.

Front 8

S1

Back 8

Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

Beginning of systole

Front 9

S2

Back 9

Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves.

Beginning of diastole

Front 10

S3

Back 10

Rapid movement of blood against the ventricular wall.

Front 11

S4

Back 11

1. Marks atrial contraction
2. noncompliant left ventrical

Front 12

Heart murmur

Back 12

Sign of turbulent flow

Front 13

Intensity scale

Back 13

1-6

Front 14

Intensity score of 6 means what?

Back 14

Very loud, thrill, heard with stethescope entirely off the chest.

Front 15

Systolic murmurs

Back 15

May be innocent, physiologic, or pathologic.

Or it could be a sign of:
1. aortic stenosis
2. mitral valve prolapse

Front 16

Aortic stenosis

Back 16

Mid systolic ejection murmur.

Heard best over arotic area, crescendo/decresendo.

Radiates to neck

Front 17

Mitral valve prolapse

Back 17

Mid systolic click

Heard best over mitral valve

Condition: thickened mitral valve leaflet into left atrium during SYSTOLE.

Front 18

Mitral regurgitation

Back 18

Pansystolic: valve unable to contain blood w/in ventricle during SYSTOLE.

Therefore, blood gets leaked back into left atrium.

Front 19

Tricuspid regurgitation

Back 19

Pansystolic: valve fails to close completely during systole.

Heard best over left sternal border.

Front 20

Ventral septal defect

Back 20

1. congenital defect
2. L to R shunt
3. blood flows from high pressure (LV) to low pressure (RV) due to hole in the septum.

Heard best over tricuspid area.

Front 21

Atrial septal defect

Back 21

1. flow from LA to RA which leads to high vol in RV.
2. heard best over pulmonic area.

Front 22

Diastolic murmur

Back 22

Almost always indicate heart disease

1. aortic regurgitation
2. mitral stenosis

Front 23

Aortic regurgitation

Back 23

Leaflet of aortic valve fail to close--> vol overload in LV

Front 24

Aortic regurgitation may be caused by what diseases?

Back 24

Rheumatic heart disease, congenital bicuspid valves, marfans syndrome.

Front 25

Mitral stenosis

Back 25

Thickened leaflets, stiff, and distorted because of RHEUMATIC FEVER.

Mainly rheumatic in origin.

Front 26

When should you adm SBE endocarditis?

Back 26

1. prosthetic cardiac valve
2. previous endocarditis
3. CHD
4. cardiac tranplant recipients with cardiac valvular disease

Front 27

Vesicular sounds

Back 27

Sounds transmitted through lung tissue and chest wall.

Produced by changes in airflow.

Note: this is normal breath sounds.

Front 28

Consolidation

Back 28

May be due to chemical or pneumonia.

High pitched and hollow or tubular.

Front 29

Atelectasis

Back 29

Incomplete expansion of lung area.

Front 30

Fibrosis

Back 30

Abnormal formation of fibrous CT.

Front 31

Adventitious sounds

Back 31

Often indicate cardiac or pulmonary pathology.
1. crackles or rales
2. wheezes
3. rhonchi
4. stridor

Front 32

Crackles or rales

Back 32

Short, explosive or popping sounds.

Front 33

Wheezes

Back 33

Musical quality, whistling or hissing sound.

Front 34

Rhonchi

Back 34

Snoring quality, associated with wheezes.

Front 35

Stridor

Back 35

Upper resp obstruction

Wheeze sound

Associated with whooping cough and croup.