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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Presynaptic Inhibition
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Typically bi or quadpolar
Sensation: sensory level Intensity: Sub motor Phase duration: low Frequency: high (so that continuously feel it) Pt: portable stim units to decrease pain and then increase ROM only works when it is on the pt! |
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Descending inhibition
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Reticular nuclei (Periaqueductal gray nucei) --> medulla --> raphe nuclei -->
activate enkephalin --> travels to spinal cord interneuron Typically mono or bipolar Sensation: motor level Intensity: strong motor level Phase Duration: mid Frequency: very low high can be used for myofacial pain to fatigue the muscle and reduce spasm/pain |
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Beta endorphin modulation
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Reticular formation interprets intense pain sensation
Anterior pituitary gland released b-endorphin Block pain with pain Monopolar Sensation: noxious Intensity: as much as tolerated Phase duration: high as possible (to get pain fibers) Frequency: high |
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Denervated Muscle
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Less than 3 weeks can still be depolarized
DC current |
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Neuromuscular re-education
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Disruption of neurlogical loop between muscle, peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and brain
Duty cycle: prevent soreness and fatigue Ramping: slowly increase intensity Contraindications: -Tendon is not securely attached -Muscle cannot tolerate tension -Joint motion contraindicated Precaution: delayed onset muscle soreness |
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Motor Level Stimulation
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Bipolar (maybe quad)
Sensation: motor level Force should be at lease 10% MVIC Intensity: motor level: motor level Phase duration: mid Freq: 30-60 Contraction for at least 7 sec Duty cycle: 10 sec with 1-2 sec ramp on. 10-12 sec off. Try to get them to contract with you - 10 contractions. |
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Strength Augmentation
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Bipolar
Sensation: motor level Intensity: motor Phase: mid Freq: 30-60 |
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Reduce Muscle Spasm
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Attempt to fatigue muscle at trigger point site
Typically monopolar Sensation: motor level Intensity: motor level Phase: mid to high Freq: high as possible (want fatigue) |
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Edema Control
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Monopolar (usually multiple active pads however)
Must be monophasic (-) Sensation: sensory level Intensity: sensory level Phase duration: as high as possible (get max. ion change) Freq: as high as possible |
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Edema Reduction
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Bipolar- follow the course of primary vein exiting the swollen area
Sensations: motor level Intensity: motor Phase duration: mid Frequency: tonic contraction with duty cycle or 1 pps without duty cycle Adjunct therapy: ice, compression, elevation |
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Wound Healing
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DC may act by killing organism directly
Monopolar + attracts leukocytes and may result in increased blood clotting - breakdown and absorb blood clots Sensation: sensory level Intensity: sensory level Phase duration: low Freq: high (continuos current) |
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Hi-Volt Stimulation (HVPS)
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-Neuromuscular stimulation
-Pain control (+) acute pain (-) chronic pain -Sensory Level Edema Control (-) for 20-30 min. Apply as frequent as possible. Do this as edema's forming, not after. -Wound healing Use to DC to kill bacteria and make better healing environment (get a greater net voltage change |
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
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Pain control
-Increase ROM -Increase muscle strength |
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Neuromuscular Electrical Nerve Stimulation (NMES)
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Biphasic
Goals: -Neuromuscular stimulation -Reduction of edema Electrodes placed on motor points |
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Interference Current (IFC)
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Treatment goals:
-Pain control -Neuromuscular stimulation -Edema reduction Carrier frequency = 4000 Interference frequency = 3900 Beat frequency = (C-F) = 100 Reaches target tissue better because encounters less resistance |
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Premodulated Currents
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Same as IFC but interference happens within the machine instead of in the patient
Beat frequency directly to patient and less resistance encountered Bipolar |
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Russian
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Burst AC current used for muscular contraction
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