Clinical Med Definitions, Group 1

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AFP

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"or alpha-fetoprotein is a plasma protein that is normally produced by the fetus’s liver and also in the fetal gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the yolk sac. During pregnancy, t

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AGA

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appropriate for gestational age

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Alpha Thal trait

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is a mild form of alpha thalassemia. Alpha globin is made by four genes. People with alpha thalassemia trait only have two genes for alpha globin and so they make slightly lower amounts of hemoglobin and their red blood cells are smaller and paler. Individuals with this trait have a mild chronic anemia which does not respond to iron supplements. Alpha thalassemia trait is very common in people whose ancestors came from Southeast Asia, especially Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.

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AMA

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Advanced Maternal Age: an increase in the age at which women give birth to their first child

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Amniocentesis

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"a procedure during which a sample of fluid

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Anencephaly

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"Neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs when

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AROM

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artificial ruptrure of membranes

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Beta Thal trait

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One of the two beta globin genes is abnormal but the lack of beta globin is not great enough to cause problems in the normal functioning of the hemoglobin. A person with this condition simply carries the genetic trait for beta thalassemia and will usually experience no health problems other than a mild anemia. Beta thal trait is inherited in an autosomal-recessive fashion and it is very common in people of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, African, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.), Southeast Asian and Chinese descent.

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bx

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Abreviation for biopsy

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CHD

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Congenital Heart Defect: type of defect or malformation in one or more structures of the heart or blood vessels that occurs before birth

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CNM

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Certified Nurse, Midwife

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Consultand

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The person which was refered to a genetic counselor

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CVS

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"(Chorionic Villi Sampling) - A prenatal test

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D & C

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Dilation and curettage: procedure to clean the uterus after a miscariage or abortion by dilating the cervix to clean out the lining of the uterus. A curettage is performed with a curette, a metal rod with a handle on one end and a sharp loop on the other.

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D & E

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Dilation and evacuation: performed at any point in 2nd trimester, cervix is dilated and 24 hrs later, contents are suctioned out of uterus.

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Double bubble sign

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"A finding observed on radiographs of

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EDC

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estimated date of confinement

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El Ab

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Elective Abortion: interruption of a pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation at the woman's request for reasons other than maternal health

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EtOH

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Ethanol/ Alcohol

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ETOP

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Early Termination of Pregnancy: abortion done very early either by pills or by a doctor

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F/U

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Follow up

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First Trimester screen

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A test consisting of an ultrasound examination and a blood test which can provide you with a risk estimate of having a child with chromosomal abnormalities.It does so by measuring the thin layer of fluid beneath the fetal skin in the area of the fetal neck called the nuchal translucency (NT). Increased nuchal translucency has been associated with several birth defects including Down syndrome.

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FOB

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Father of Baby

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G.A.

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"(Gestational age) - The developmental age of

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Gravida

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total number of pregnancies, whether carried to term or not (full uterus)

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hCG

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"Human chorionic gonadotropin, a human hormone made by chorionic cells in the fetal part of the placenta. Its role is to prevent disintegration of the corpus luteum of the ovary and in that

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Hgb A2

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Hemoglobin A2 is a variation of hemoglobin A that consists of two alpha and two delta chains and is found in small quantity in normal human blood. Hemoglobin A2 may be increased in beta thalassemia.

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Hgb AS

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Sickle cell trait

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Hgb elect.

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blood test that can detect different types of blood

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Hgb F

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"Hemoglobin F is the primary hemoglobin produced by the fetus and its role is to transport oxygen efficiently in a low oxygen environment. Production

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Hgb SC

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Sickle Cell C Disease

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Hgb SS

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Most common type of sickle cell disease, affected people have 2 sickle cell hemoglobin genes & no normal hemoglobin genes

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hx

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Abreviation for history

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Hydrocephalus

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"Derived from the Greek words ""hydro""

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Hydrops fetalis

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Gross edema (swelling), usually with anemia, of the fetus. It can be caused due to Rh blood group incompatibility in which antibodies crossing the placenta from the mother destroy the red blood cells of the fetus or due to the lethal form of the genetic disorder thalassemia, in particular alpha thalassemia.

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Inhibin A

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one of two hormones (inhibin-A or inhibin-B) secreted by the gonads that inhibits the production of FSH (follicle-stimulatin hormone) which is in turn secreted by the pituitary gland. Inhibin A is elevated in the blood serum of women carry fetuses with Down syndrome.

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IUGR

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intrauterine growth restriction (formerly retardation)

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Level II

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"(or Anatomy Scan) is a comprehensive,

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LGA

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large for gestational age

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LMP

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last menstrual period

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Meningocele

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"Protrusion of the membranes that cover the

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Multipara

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at least 2 births/openings of the uterus OR twins or other multiples

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Myelomeniningocele,Meningomyelocele or MM

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"One of the most common birth defects of

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Neural tube defect

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"A major birth defect caused by abnormal

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Overgrowth

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excessive growth.

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Paperwork!

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"Written or clerical work, as records or

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PAPP-A

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abbreviation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. It is a large zinc-binding protein that functions as an enzyme and it is commonly used in prenatal genetic screening. Women with low levels of PAPP-A at 8 to 14 weeks of gestation have an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction, trisomy 21, premature delivery, preeclampsia and stillbirth.

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Parity

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number of times a woman has given birth (uteran openings)

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Pregnancy wastage

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multiple miscarriages.

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Primigravida

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pregnant for the first time or only 1 pregnancy

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Proband

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An individual or member of a family being studied in a genetic investigation. [Represented usually by an arrow pointing at the individual, in a pedigree]

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PROM

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premature rupture of membranes

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Proposita

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A female who is the first identified case of an inherited disease in a family.

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Propositus

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A male who is the first identified case of an inherited disease in a family

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Prostaglandin abortion

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termination of pregnancy in 2nd trimester in which PG is administered to induce uterine contractions

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Pt

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Abreviation for patient

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PUBS

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"(Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling),

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Quad Screen

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test that screens for maternal blood content

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r/o

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Abreviation for rule out

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Rubella

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it is commonly known as German measles, a disease caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild and attacks often pass unnoticed. However, if a mother is infected within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, the child may be born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) which entails a range of serious incurable illnesses.

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SGA

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small for gestational age

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Sickle Cell Disease

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inherited blood disorder that affects red blood cells