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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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clinical manifestation of cancer can be caused by?
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1. direct growth and destruction of organ
2. growth leading to pressure or obstruction of organ |
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what defines benign neoplasm?
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upregulated cell growth without invasion
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what defines cancer/ malignant neoplasm?
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upregulated cell growth with invasion or metastasis
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what is parameoplastic syndrome?
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systemic effects away from the tumor caused by production of hormones or substances with biological activity
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what is a hall-mark sign for end stage cancer?
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anorexia - weight loss
due to cancer related decrease in food intake or abnormalities in nutrient metabolism |
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which cytokines are responsible for the change in metabolism?
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IL -6, TNF, IFN-gamma
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what is the most common cancer with fever? 2nd most?
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1. renal cell cancer
2. hepatocellular |
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how do you treat tumor fever?
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NSAIDs
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why do you get a fever in cancer?
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tumor cells excede blood supply - necrosis - release inflammatory and pyrogenic cytokines
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what is breast cancer?
early and adavnced signs? |
epithileal cell proliferation that line the ducts and lobules
early - lump, discharge from nipple advanced - ulceration and inflammation; peau de orange (edema around hair follicles); enlarged axilla lymph nodes; bone fractures due to metastasis |
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what can colon cancer cause?
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anemia
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what causes ulceration leading to low iron - microcytic hypochromic anemia and abdominal pain?
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Right colon cancer
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when would barium enema show a apple core?
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Left colon cancer - narrow lumen due to compression by annular tumor which occupies the entire circumference
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bright red bleeding?
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rectal cancer
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what are two common symptoms of anal cancer?
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1. bleeding
2. rectal pain/discomfort |
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what can esophageal tumors lead to?
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SVC obstruction, horners, recurrent laryngeal nerve hoarseness
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what is the hallmark of kidney cancer?
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gross, painless hematuria
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what is the classic triad in kidney cancer?
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hematuria, abdominal mass, dull ache/pain in back or side
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what 3 factors are the symptoms of lung cancer dependant on?
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1. local lesion effects of tumor
2. ithrathoracic spread of primary tumor 3. paraneoplastic syndromes |
