Clinical Management

Front 1

Which of the following is the most reasonable standard to apply when judging whether a clients has achieved generalization of a targeted skill?

a)The client uses the targeted skill in the presence of a stimulus conditions not present during the training process and in the absence of reinforcement.
b) the client no longer needs the clinician to present auditory and/or visual stimuli in order to elicit the targeted skill.
c) the client maintains the correct production of the targeted skill when the reinforcement schedule is changed.
d) the client correctly produces the targeted skill effortlessly and without hesitation.
e) the client is able to monitor errors and correct them with only a minimal number of cues from the clinician.

Back 1

a)The client uses the targeted skill in the presence of a stimulus conditions not present during the training process and in the absence of reinforcement.

Hint 1

#8 The statement in (a) is a reasonable standard to apply when judging whether a client has achieved generalization of a targeted skill. It shows that the client is exhibiting the skill independently in situations not covered during training, so (a) is the correct answer

Front 2

A 4.5 year old boy has significant speech and language difficulties exemplified by poor oral-motor control, slight difficulty in swallowing, high palate, poor tongue mobility, and fasciculation on protrusion. During an evaluation, the speech-language pathologist notes very poor paper-and-pencil grasp, poor posture, and an inability to complete performance tasks requiring fine motor control. To which of the following should the child be referred in order to obtain additional diagnostic information?

a) a psychologist
b) an otolaryngologist
c) a physical therapist
d) a neurologist
e) a physiologist

Back 2

d) a neurologist

Hint 2

#15 the boy's deficits as noted are most indicative of a neurological disorder, and a neurologist could best provide the additional diagnostic information needed, so (d) is the correct answer

Front 3

Which of the following is the best example of a functional communication treatment objective?

a) the client will name 80% of the pictures of common objects presented
b) the client will produce syntactically complete and accurate sentences in a picture-description task.
c) the client will reduce the frequency of occurrence of literal paraphasias to 20% of words produced in spontaneous conversational speech.
d) the client will use the telephone to request information or assistance in 80% of the appropriate situations presented
e) the client will answer with 80% accuracy concrete yes/no questions about a paragraph presented auditorilly.

Back 3

d) the client will use the telephone to request information or assistance in 80% of the appropriate situations presented

Hint 3

#18 the statement in (d) appropriately focuses on a real-life situation concerning the use of the telephone and also defines a target percentage of tries; this will allow the clinician to determine whether the objective has been successfully met

Front 4

Which of the following is the ratio of reinforcement that would most quickly cause a newly acquired behavior to be habituated?

a) a random ratio of tokens to correct responses
b) a ratio of 1 token to 1 correct response
c) a ratio of 1 token to 4 correct response only
d) a ratio of 1 token to 10 correct responses only
e) a combination of 1 token to 4 correct responses and 1 token to 10 correct responses

Back 4

a) a random ratio of tokens to correct responses

Hint 4

#37 When the goal is to reinforce a behavior that has already been acquired, a random ratio off tokens to correct responses creates an intermittent reinforcement schedule and is the most effective. such a reinforcement schedule would decrease the client's dependence on the token reward.