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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type of joint: cranial sutures
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suture
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Type of joint: joint b/t epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones
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synchondrosisis
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Type of joint: pubis symphysis
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symphysis
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Type of joint: radius-ulna
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syndesmosis
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Type of joint: hip
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ball and socket
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Type of joint: elbow
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hinge
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Type of joint: atlantoaxial
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pivot
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Type of joint: wrist b/t carpal-MC joint
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saddle
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Type of joint: intervertebral
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gliding
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TMJ is articulation b/t what 2 bones?
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mandible and temporal
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Type of joint: wrist
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condyloid
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Another name for tibiotalar joint
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ankle
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What makes up the ankle joint?
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tibia, fibula and talus
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Another name for talocalcaneal joint
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subtalar
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Which are stronger in adolescence? Ligaments or bones?
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ligaments
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3 ligaments that support the hip joint
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iliofemoral, pubofemoral and head of femur ligament
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this separates the patella, quad tendon and muscle from the femur
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suprapatellar bursa
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2 joints responsible for pronation and supination of ankle
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talocalcaneal (subtalar) and transverse tarsal
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by what age is bone growth complete?
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20 yo
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at what age is peak bone mass achieved?
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35 yo
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what changes in muscle occurs with older age?
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increased amount of collagen in muscle followed by fibrosis of CT
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Which race has then densed bones?
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black
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Cause of muscle fasciculations
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injury to muscle motor neuron
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Cause of muscle wasting (3)
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pain, disease of muscle or damage to motor neuron
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Dx: heat, tenderness, swelling, fluctuation of joint
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effusion
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3 causes of crepitus
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2 irreg bony surfaces rub together, 2 rough edges of broken bone rub together or tenosynovitis
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Number of degrees that passive ROM often bypasses active ROM
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5 deg
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Dx: discrepancy between active and passive ROM between each side (2)
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muscle weakness or joint disorder
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Grade muscle strength: full ROM against gravity and full resistance
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5
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Grade muscle strength: full ROM against gravity and some resistance
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4
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Grade muscle strength: full ROM against gravity but not resistance
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3
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Grade muscle strength: full ROM but not against gravity
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2
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Grade muscle strength: trace of movement
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1
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What is the cutoff grade for muscle disability?
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3
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You assess the strength of what 2 muscles by asking the pt to clench her teeth?
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temporalis and masseter
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Dx: sharp angular deformity (gibbus)
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collapsed vertebra from osteoporosis
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The normal number of vertebrae is 24, but women can have a variable number, most often ___
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23
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Dx: shoulder contour is asymmetric, 1 shoulder has hallows in rounding contour
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shoulder dislocation
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Dx: subcutaneous nodules along pressure points of ulnar surface
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RA
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normal carrying angle range
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5-15 deg
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carrying angle > 15
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cubitus valgus
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carrying angle < 5
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cubitus varus
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Dx: boggy, soft flucutant swelling; point tenderness over lateral epicondyle/grooves of olecranon process and epicondyles; increased pain with pronation/supination (2)
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epicondylitis, tendonitis
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Dx: deviation of fingers to ulnar side
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RA
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Dx: swan neck or boutonniere deformities
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RA
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Dx: firm mass over dorsum of wrist
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ganglion
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Dx: bony overgrowths in DIP joints; hard, nontender nodules
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osteoarthritis
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Dx: hard nontender nodules along the DIP joints
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Heberden nodules
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Dx: hard nontender nodules along PIP joints
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Bouchard nodules
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Dx: painful, fusiform swelling of PIP joints causing spindle-shaped fingers
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acute RA
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Dx: cystic, round, nontender swellings along tendon sheaths or joint capsules that are more prominent with flexion
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ganglia
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expected angle between femur and tibia
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15 deg
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another name for "knock knees"
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genu valgum
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Dx: excessive hyperextension of knee with weight bearing
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weak quad
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Def: genu recurvatum
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excessive hyerextension of knee with weight bearing
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Def: rotation of the proximal end of the leg
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femoral torsion
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what can cause an increase in femoral curvature?
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obesity
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another term for "out-toeing"
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pes valgus
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where within the foot should weight bearing occur?
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midline of foot
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Def: pes planus
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foot that remains flat even when not bearing weight
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Def: pes cavus
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high instep
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what foot pathology is often associated with pes cavus?
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claw toes
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Dx: hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion of toe's proximal joint
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hammer toe
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Dx: flexion deformity at DIP joint
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mallet toe
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Dx: hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion of toe's proximal and distal joints
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claw toe
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Dx: lateral deviation of great toe
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hallux valgus
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Def: bunion
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inflamed bursa that forms at pressure points
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Dx: inflamed metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe, draining tophus
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gouty arthritis
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Dx: thickened Achilles tendon
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hyperlipidemia
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how do you measure leg length?
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from ASIS to medial malleolus, crossing knee on medial side
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how do you measure arm length?
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from acromion process through olecranon to distal ulnar prominence
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no more than ____ discrepancy in length and circumference between matching extremities should occur
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1 cm
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Condition Detected with test: neer test
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shoulder rotator cuff impingement
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Condition Detected with test: Hawkins test
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shoulder rotator cuff impingement
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Condition Detected with test: Katz hand diagram
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median nerve integrity
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Condition Detected with test: thumb abduction test
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median nerve integrity
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Condition Detected with test: straight leg raise test
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L4-S1 nerve root irritation
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Condition Detected with test: Bragard stretch test
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L4-S1 nerve root irritation
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Condition Detected with test: Femoral stretch test
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L4-S1 nerve root irritation
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Condition Detected with test: bulge sign
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excess fluid in knee
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Condition Detected with test: McMurray test
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torn meniscus
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Condition Detected with test: Lachman test
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ant cruciate ligament instability
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Condition Detected with test: Apley test
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torn meniscus in knee
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Condition Detected with test: Thomas test
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flexion contracture of hip
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Condition Detected with test: Trendelenburg sign
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weak hip abductor muscle
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How to test strength of supraspinatus
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abduct arm, flex shoulder, apply downward pressure on distal humerus with arms rotated so thumbs point down
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How to test strength of subscapularis
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flex elbow and rotate forearm medially against resistance
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How to test strength of infraspinatus and teres minor
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flex elbow and rotate arm laterally against resistance
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What is a positive flick test?
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when describing carpal tunnel syndrome pain, the pt shakes the hand like shaking a thermometer
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Def: Lasegue sign
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pt unable to raise leg more than 30 degrees without pain
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What is a positive Trendelenburg test?
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if foot is lifted off ground and hip drops on that side, the hip abductors of the contralateral side are weak
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Dx: mass near the spine that transilluminates
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meningocele or myelomingocele
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At what age should child be able to lift head an trunk from prone position?
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2 mo
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Unequal limb length and circumference are associated with what?
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intraabdominal neoplasms
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Def: Allis sign
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baby supine, knees flexed with feet flat on floor, observe height of knees
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By what age should tibial torsion resolve?
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6 mo
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What defect is commonly seen in kids who sit in W or reverse tailor position?
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intoeing and femoral anteversion
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What obscures the longitudinal arch of child until 3 yo?
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fat pad
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Genu varum is a common finding in toddlers until what age?
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up to 18 mo
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Genu valgum is a common finding in toddlers until what age?
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2-4 yo
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Dx: fusion and severe deformity of vertebral column; begins with low back pain and progresses to reduced spinal mobility
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ankylosing spondylitis
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What is association with ankylosing spondylitis?
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uveitis
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Dx: muscle weakness, paresthesia, low back pain with radiation to butt and posterior thigh; pain relief with lying down
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herniated lumbar disk
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disk herniation is generally caused by what?
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degenerative changes of disk
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Difficulty walking on toes implies damage to what nerve root(s)?
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L4-5
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Difficulty walking on heels implies damage to what nerve root(s)?
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S1
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What actions aggrevation pain related to herniated disk? (2)
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coughing, sneezing, leaning forward
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Cause of spinal stenosis
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hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum and facet joints
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Dx: pain with walking or standing that orginates in butt and radiates to legs; relief with sitting
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lumbar spinal stenosis
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Carpal tunnel is assoc with what 4 conditions/diseases?
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RA, gout, hypothyroidism and pregnancy
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Dx: limited motion caused by swelling, pain on movement, point tenderness, erythematous warm site
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bursitis
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Cause of paget disease of bone?
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excessive bone resorption and formation
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Dx: bowed tibias, misshapen pelvis or skull, shorteed thorax, frequent fractures
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Paget disease of bone
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Dx: vertigo, HA, progressive deafness, frequent fractures
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Paget disease of bone
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# of TPs needed to dx fibromyalgia
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11 or more at 9 bilateral sites
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Dx: widespread pain and aching, fatigue, morning stiffness, TPs
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fibromyalgia
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Dx: unremiting fever, maculopapular rash, arthritis
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RA, initially
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Dx: weakness, spasm, pain and contusion
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muscle strain
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Dx: pain, swelling, hemorrhage, loss of function
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muscle sprain
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Dx: loss of function, edema, pain, color changes, paresthesia, deformity
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fracture
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Cause of tenosynovitis
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repetitive actions associated with occupational or sports activities
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Dx: point tenderness, pain with active movement, limitation of movement
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tenosynovitis
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most common muscle involved in rotator cuff tear
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supraspinatus
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2 causes of acute rotator cuff tear
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repetitive trauma or fall on outstretched arm
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another term for clubfoot
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talipes equinovarus
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Def: angulation of tarsometatarsal joint
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metatarsus adductus (varus); lateral border of foot is convex; resolves after 6 mo
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Dx: avascular necrosis of femoral head, painful limp, loss of IR and abduction, decreased ROM
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legg-calve-perthes disease
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Def: Osgood-Schlatter disease
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traction apophysitis (inflam of bony outgrowth) of anterior aspect of tibial tubercle
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Dx: limp, knee pain, swelling, aggrevated by strenuous activity
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
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Dx: knee pain, antalgic limp, leg weakness, reduced IR of hip, obese child between 8 and 16 yo
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slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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Dx: progressive symmetric weakness and muscle atrophy or pseudohypertrophy; difficulty climbing stairs, waddling gait
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muscular dystrophy
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What structure is torn with radial head subluxation?
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annular ligament
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Dupuytren contracture is seen frequently in pts with what 3 diseases?
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DM, alcoholic liver disease, epilepsy
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