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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ductus arteriosus closes within how many hours?
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24-48
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CO =
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HR/SV
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DDx: substernal, crushing pain that radiates, is provoked by effort and relieved by rest/nitro
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anginal
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DDx: sharp pain precipitated by breathing/coughing, absent when holding breath
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pleural
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DDx: substernal, burning pain at night/when lying down that is relieved by food/antacids
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esophageal
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DDx: infradiaphragmatic and epigastric pain, esp at night that is relieved by food/antacid
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PUD
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DDx: pain under R scapula that occurs after eating and can trigger angina
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biliary
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DDx: local pain worse with movement that lasts for hours
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arthritis/bursitis
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DDx: pain on palpation/movement caused by an injury and provoked by activity
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cervical
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DDx: pain with focal tenderness that is long lasting and provoked by movement
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MSk
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DDx: pain in the intramammary region that is provoked by anxiety and is poorly described
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psych
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normal size of PMI
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<= 1 cm
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DDx: lift along L sternal border
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RVH
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thrill is felt for murmurs of what grade?
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>= grade 4
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where is S1 best heard?
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apex (louder than S2)
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what 2 things can cause wide splitting of S2?
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RBBB, pulm stenosis
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what causes fixed splitting?
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increased output of RV compared to LV
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What can cause paradoxical splitting?
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LBBB (aortic valve closing is delayed)
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what is a click?
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heard in systole, opening of calcified valves
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what is a snap?
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heard in diastole, opening of valves
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DDx: purplish plethora
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polycythemia vera
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DDx: ashy white
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shock
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DDx: central cyanosis
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congenital HD
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DDx: acrocyanosis
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common finding
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DDx: cyanosis at birth (5)
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transposition, tetralogy, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, septal defect
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Name that sign: head bobs with systole
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DeMusset
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Name that sign: bounding pulse
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Corrigan
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Name that sign: booming systolic and diastolic pulse over femoral
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Traube
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Name that sign: systolic pulse of uvula
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Muller
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Name that sign: pulse over femoral is systolic when compressed prox and diastolic when compressed distally
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Duroziez
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Name that sign: cap pulsations in nail bed
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Quincke
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Name that sign: popliteal systolic pressure > brachial
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Hill
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CHF grade A
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high future risk
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CHF grade B
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structural, no sx
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CHF grade C
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previous sx tx with rx
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CHF grade D
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advanced, requires hospitalization
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Dx: SA node dysfunction, causes dysrhythmias, fainting, dizziness, palpitations
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sick sinus syndrome
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Dx: fever, sudden onset of CHF, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes
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bacterial endocarditis
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Dx: narrow pulse pressure, systolic EF < 45%
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L sided systolic CHF
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Dx: wide pulse pressure, result of advanced glycosylation to create stiff ventricle
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L sided diastolic CHF
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Dx: chest pain, triphasic rub, worse upon lying down
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pericarditis
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Dx: sx of venous congestion
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cardiac tamponade
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Dx: L parasternal systolic lift, loud S2 in pulmonic region
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cor pulmonale
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most common cause of death after MI
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V fib
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range of days of VSD after MI
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2 to 14
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Dx: fatigue, dyspnea, fever, palpitations
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myocarditis
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wall rupture is common after what type of MI?
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anterior wall
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causes of syncope: CANADA
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cardiac, AV steal, nervous, anemia/altered blood, drugs/DM, altitude/acute fever
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4 structural defects making up tetralogy of Fallot
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VSD, pulmonic stenosis, dextroposition of aorta and RVH
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Dx: clubbing, RVH, boot shaped heart on CXR
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tetralogy
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Dx: holosystolic murmur along L sternal border with lift
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VSD
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Dx: continuous machine like murmur
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PDA
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congenital HD more common in girls
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MVP, ASD, PDA, common atrium
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causes of congenital HD
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rubella, DM, accutane/EtOH/Lithium, hereditary, polygenic (ex trisomies)
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Dx: no murmur, loud single S2, RVH, "egg on string" look on CXR
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transposition
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Dx: SEM, diamond shaped over pulm area, wide splitting of S2, radiation into back
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ASD
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Dx: bounding pulse, CHF, large heart, large VSD
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truncus arteriosus
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Dx: HTN, radial-femoral delay, murmur radiation into back, SEM, rib notching on CXR
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coarctation
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