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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AIVR
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accelerated idioventricular rhythm
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AV
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atrioventricular
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AV block
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atrioventricular block
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AV node
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atrioventricular (or junctional) node
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AV nodal rhythm
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atrioventricular (or junctional) rhythm
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BBB
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bundle branch block
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CCU
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coronary care unit
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c/w
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consistent with
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cw
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clockwise
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ccw
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counterclockwise
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CNS
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central nervous system
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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CSM
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carotid sinus massage (=CSP)
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CSP
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carotid sinus pressure (=CSM)
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CVA
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cerebral vascular accident
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ECG
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electrocardiogram
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ED
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emergency department
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EKG
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electrocardiogram (from German elektrokardiograph)
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EMD
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electromechanical dissociation - patient is pulseless, but ECG rhythm is seen on monitor
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ETT
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exercise tolerance (stress) test
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ILBBB
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incomplete left bundle branch block
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IRBBB
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incomplete right bundle branch block
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IVCD
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intraventricular conduction delay
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IVS
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interventricular septum
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J point
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junctional point (point marking the junction between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment)
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LA
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left atrium
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LAA
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left atrial abnormality
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LA electrode
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left arm recording electrode
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LAD
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left axis deviation
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LAD artery
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left anterior descending artery
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LAE
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left atrial enlargement
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LAFB
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left anterior fascicular block (=LAHB)
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LAH
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left anterior hemidivision (of the LBB)
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LAHB
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left anterior hemiblock
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LAI
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left atrial involvement (=LAA)
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LBB
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left bundle branch block
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LCA
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left coronary artery
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LGL syndrome
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Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
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LL electrode
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left leg electrode
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LPFB
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left posterior fascicular block (=LPHB)
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LPH
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left posterior hemidivision (of the LBB)
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LPHB
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left posterior hemiblock
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LV
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left ventricle
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LVE
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left ventricular enlargement (=LVH)
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LVH
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left ventricular hypertrophy
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MAT
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multifocal atrial tachycardia (=chaotic atrial mechanism)
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NPT
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no prior tracing (is available for comparison)
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NSR
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normal sinus rhythm
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NS ST-T ABNS
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non-specific ST-T wave abnormalities
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PAC
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premature atrial contraction
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PAT
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paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
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PEA
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pulseless electrical activity - patient is pulseless (no contractions), but ECG rhythm is seen on monitor
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PJC
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premature junctional contraction
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PJT
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aproxysmal junctional tachycardia
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PR interval
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period from onset of P wave until onset of the QRS complex
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PSVT
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paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
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PVC
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premature ventricular contraction
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QRS complex
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time period required to accomplish ventricular depolarization
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QT interval
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period from onset of Q wave until end of T wave
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QTc
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the QT interval corrected for heart rate
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RA
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right atrium
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RA electrode
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right arm recording electrode
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RAA
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right atrial abnormality
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RAD
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right axis deviation
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RAE
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right atrial enlargement
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RAI
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right atrial involvement (=RAA)
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RBB
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right bundle branch
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RBBB
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right bundle branch block
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RCA
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right coronary artery
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RV
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right ventricle
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RVE
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right ventricular enlargement (=RVH)
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RVH
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right ventricular hypertrophy
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SA block
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sinoatrial block
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SA node
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sinoatrial node
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SSS
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sick sinus syndrome
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SVT
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supraventricular tachycardia
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Ta wave
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atrial T wave (wave of atrial repolarization)
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V Fib
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ventricular fibrillation
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VT
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ventricular tachycardia
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wnl
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within normal limits
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WCT
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wide-complex tachycardia
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WPW syndrome
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Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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AVNRT
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AV nodal reentry tachycardia (=PSVT)
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What electrical event does the P wave represent?
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atrial depolarization
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What electrical event does the QRS complex represent?
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ventricular depolarization
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What electrical event does the T wave represent?
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ventricular repolarization
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What electrical event does the U wave represent?
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the terminal phase of ventricular repolarization (seen sometimes after the T wave)
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What is the mechanical counterpart of (and follows)the P wave?
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atrial contraction
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What is the mechanical counterpart of (and follows)the QRS complex?
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ventricular contraction
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What waveform marks the beginning of mechanical systole (ventricular contraction)?
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QRS complex
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What waveform marks the ending of mechanical systole?
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T wave
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When does diastole (ventricular filling) begin and end (on ECG)?
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It begins after T wave and ends after the P wave (atrial contraction)
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What is a cardioverter?
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an energy-storage capacitor-discharge type of condenser which is discharged with an inductance; it delivers a direct-current shock which restores normal rhythm of the heart
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Can PEA (pulseless electrical activity) occur in a patient after successful cardioversion out of atrial fibrillation?
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Yes. Effective atrial contraction may not resume for several weeks.
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What are the 3 key intervals in the cardiac cycle
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1. PR interval
2. QRS complex 3. QT interval |
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What comprises the PR interval?
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Onset of atrial depolarization (beginning of P wave) until onset of ventricular depolarization (beginning of QRS complex)
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What is the purpose of the delay in conduction at the AV node?
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Allow time for the atria to contract and empty blood into the ventricles
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atrial kick
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atrial contraction (emptying contents into ventricles)
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Why PR interval short in patients with WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome?
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Patients have an accessory pathway (AP) that bypasses the "slow" AV node
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What comprises the QRS interval?
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The time it takes for ventricular depolarization
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Why is the QRS complex narrow in normal sinus rhythm?
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Because of the rapid conduction of the electrical impulse thru the specialized fibers of the ventricular conduction system
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What happens to the QRS complex when a patient has ventricular hypertrophy?
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QRS complex widens because it takes the impulse longer to get thru thickened myocardium
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What happens to the QRS complex when a patient has PVC's?
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QRS complex widens because the impulse originates in the ventricles.
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What happens to the QRS complex when a patient has a conduction defect, e.g., bundle branch block, intraventricular conduction delay, or aberrant conduction)
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The QRS complex widens because impulse is slowed down.
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Absolute refractory period
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period when the heart is completely refractory to premature stimuli, i.e., heart cells cannot respond until repolarization is complete
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