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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid Phosphatase
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Increased: prostatic carcinoma, BPH, prostatitis
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Blood Acetone
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increased: DM, starvation, special diets
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Aids Serology
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Western Blot test (proteins tested), ELISA
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Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
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Significantly increased: hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, hepatic ischemia
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Serum Albumin
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Increased: Dehydration
Decreased: advanced malignancy, liver disease, nephrosis |
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Albumin:Globulin ratio
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1:2.5
Increased: infectious hepatitis, liver disease Decreased: AIDS |
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Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
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Increased: primary cirrhosis, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary obstruction, primary or mets liver tumor, normal bones or growing children
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Alpha Fetoprotein
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Increased maternal levels: Neural Tube Defects
Increased non-maternal: germ cell or yolk sac cancer of ovary, embryonal cell or germ cell tumor of testes Decreased maternal: trisomy 21 |
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Blood Ammonia
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**ammonia is converted to urea in liver and secreted by kidneys**
Increased: acute necrosis, terminal cirrhosis |
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Serum Amylase
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Increased: acute pancreatitis, salivary involvement
Decreased: extensive pancreatic destruction, severe liver damage |
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Anti-DNA Antibody
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Increased: SLE, Other autoimmune diseases: Rheumatic Fever
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Antinuclear Antibody
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Increased: SLE, RA, Scleroderma, Sjogren's, Raynaud's, Myasthenia Gravis
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ASO titer
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Increased: acute strep infection, acute RF
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Basophil
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0.5-1 % of WBC
Increased: myeloproliferative disease Decreased: acute allergic reaction |
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Bilirubin
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90% stercobilinogen
10% urobilinogen Increased total serum bili: cirrhosis, acute viral hepatitis Increased direct serum bili: complete biliary obstruction |
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Serum Calcium
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8-10 mg/dL
Increased: MM, bone cancer, HPT, Paget's Decreased: Hypoparath, Hypovit. D |
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Cholesterol
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<200 mg/dL
>60 mg/dL HDL Increased: Familial hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis Decreased: malabsorption, malnutririon |
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CBC
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macrocytic cells are b12, FA deficiency
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C-Reactive Protein
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Increased: acute, non-infectious inflammatory reactions
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CPK
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Increased: diseases or injury affecting heart, or skeletal muscles and brain
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Ferritin
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**most sensitive test for iron deficient anemia**levels below 10mg/100mL is iron def. anemia**
Increased: hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia Decreased: iron deficient anemia |
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Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP)
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**most sensitive liver enzyme for detection biliary obstruction**
Increased: liver disease |
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Blood Glucose/Fasting blood sugar
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85-120 mg/d:
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GTT
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Increased: DM
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H. Pylori
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Increased: gastric ulcer
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Hematocrit
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Increased: polycythemia vera
Decreased: anemia |
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HLA-B27 Antigen
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Positive: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, Grave's disease
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Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)
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Increased: MI
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Myoglobin
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Increased: MI, skeletal muscle inflammation, muscular dystrophy
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PKU
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Increased: PKU, low birth weight infants
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Platelet count
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Increased: malignant disorders (leukemia, lymphoma, DVT)
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Blood Potassium
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Normal range: <2.5 or >6.5 mEq/L
Increased: excessive dietary intake |
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Pregnancy Test
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Increased HCG: pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy
Decreased HCG: threatened abortion, incomplete abortion |
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Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
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Increased: prostate cancer, BPH
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Prothrombin Time
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Increased time: liver disease, Vit. K deficiency
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RBC count
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Increased: COPDs- emphysema, polycythemia vera
Decreased: Anemia |
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Rheumatoid Factor
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Increased: Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Sickle Cell
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Increased: sickle cell anemia, sickle cell trait
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Blood Sodium
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Normal Range: adult 136-145 mEq/L
Critical values: <120, >160 |
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Thrombin Time
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Increased time: Fibrinolysis
**evaluates extrinsic pathway** |
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Triglyceride
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Increased: Nephritic disease
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BUN
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Increased: perenal causes: shock, burns, dehydration, congestive heart failure, MI
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Blood Uric Acid
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Increased: high purine diet (gout), protein destruction
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WBC
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Critical Values: <2500 or >30000
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