Clinical Correlations In Urinary System

Front 1

Why does renal agenesis happen?

Back 1

ureteric bud fails to develop, eliminating induction of the metanephric vesicles and nephron formation

Front 2

what are the two type of renal agenesis?

Back 2

unilateral, bilateral

Front 3

Which type of agenesis is more common in males?

Back 3

unilateral

Front 4

in unilateral renal agenesis, which kidney is usually absent?

Back 4

L

Front 5

what happens to the other kidney that is present in unilateral renal agenesis?

Back 5

it becomes hypertrophic over making it compatible with life

Front 6

overall, bilateral renal agenesis causes what?

Back 6

oligohydraminos

Front 7

with bilateral renal agenesis, what does that cause and result with?

Back 7

potter sequence

deformed limbs, wrinkly skin, annl facial appearance

Front 8

what is the congenital small kidney with no evidence of dyplasia

Back 8

renal hypoplasia

Front 9

what is the disorganization of renal parenchyma with abnormal developed immature nephrons

Back 9

renal dysplasia

Front 10

this is when one or both of the kidney fail to ascend and remain in the pelvis or lower lumbar area

Back 10

ectopic kidney

Front 11

what is the most common renal fusion?

Back 11

horseshoe kidney

Front 12

what causes a horseshoe kidney?

Back 12

inferior poles of the kidney fused across the midline b/c they got caught behind the root of the IMA

Front 13

are horseshoe kidneys symptomatic?

Back 13

no

Front 14

Which way do the hilum face in a horseshoe kidney?

Back 14

ventrally

Front 15

This anomaly is caused by the obstruction to urine flow from the renal pelvis to proximal ureter

Back 15

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Front 16

What is the most common congenital obstruction of urinary tract?

Back 16

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Front 17

what happens with UPJ and severe ureteropelvic atresia? and where is it found?

Back 17

multicystic dysplastic kidney

dilated calyces

Front 18

What does the multi cystic dysplastic kidney show as?

Back 18

grapelike smooth walled cysts, dysplastic glomeruli and atrophic tubules found between cysts

Front 19

Which urinary anomaly is autosomal recessive?

Back 19

childhood polycystic kidney disease

Front 20

what are the characteristics of the childhood polycystic kidney disease?

Back 20

huge, spongy, dilation of the collecting ducts, with multiple cysts

Front 21

child polycystic kidney disease is clinically associated with?

Back 21

cysts of liver, pancreas and lungs

Front 22

What is the tx for PCKD?

Back 22

dialysis and kidney transplant

Front 23

what is the most common renal malignancy of childhood

Back 23

wilms tumor

Front 24

This is the large, solitary, well-circumsicirbed mass on the cut sections is soft, homogenous, and tan-grey in color

Back 24

wilms tumor

Front 25

What are the 3 different histological areas of wilms tumor

Back 25

stromal area, blastemal area or tightly packed embryonic cells, and tubular area

Front 26

why does a ureteropelvic duplications happen?

Back 26

ureteric bud prematurely divides before penetrating with the metanephric blastema

Front 27

what does ureteropelvic duplications result in??

Back 27

double kidney, duplicated ureter, renal pelvis

Front 28

how can you Dx ureteropelvic duplication?

Back 28

IVP, US, CT, MRI, excretory urogram

Front 29

With an ectopic ureter in males, where does the ureter enter?

Back 29

into neck of bladder or into the prostatic part of urethra

Front 30

With an ectopic ureter in females, where does the ureter enter?

Back 30

into the neck of bladder, urethra, vagina, or vestibule--> causes incontinence

Front 31

This is where the posterior part of the bladder is exposed to there exterior?

Back 31

exstrophy of bladder

Front 32

Why does the exstrophy of the bladder happen?

Back 32

failure of the anterior and wall and the anterior wall of the bladder to develop properly

Front 33

Exstrophy of the bladder is clinically associated with?

Back 33

urine drainage

Front 34

this is where the cysts originate from the remnants of epithelial of the urachus?

Back 34

urachal cysts

Front 35

This is due to persistent inferior end of arches that dilates and opens into bladder?

Back 35

urachal sinus

Front 36

This is where the entire arches remains patent, allowing urine to escape from the umbilical orifice?

Back 36

urachal fistula

Front 37

this is where the distal end of the ureter has cyst like protrusion into submucosal layer of the urinary bladder

Back 37

simple ureterocele

Front 38

this is the distal end of the ureter has a cyst like protrusion into submucosal layer of the urinary bladder that is associated with an ectopic ureter and duplication

Back 38

ectopic ureterocele

Front 39

This is the most common extracranial neoplasm containing primitive neuroblasts or neurocrest origin?

Back 39

neuroblastoma

Front 40

neuroblastomas metastasize into?

Back 40

bone marrow, bone, lymph nodes

Front 41

labs findings of neuroblastomas?

Back 41

VMA and elevated metanephric levels

Front 42

clinically what is pheochromocytoma associated with?

Back 42

paroxysmal HTN, anx, tremors, CP, sweating, and abdominal pain

Front 43

lab findings of pehocromocytoma?

Back 43

VMA, elevated metanephric, inability to suppress catechtoamines and hyperglycemia

Front 44

this is a large urinary bladder due to the disorder with the metanephric diverticulum and dilation of the renal pelvis

Back 44

congenital megacystis

Front 45

what does congenital megacystis result in?

Back 45

renal failure and pulmonary hypoplasia

Front 46

this is because of the mutations in genes for enzymes involved in adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis

Back 46

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Front 47

What does congenital adrenal hyperplasia result in?

Back 47

excessive androgen production by suprarenal cortex

causes masculinization in females and mild clitoral enlargement

Front 48

what does congenital adrenal hyperplasia present with?

Back 48

hyponatremia, dehydration, hyperkalemia

Front 49

tx of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Back 49

IV saline, steroid hormone replacement

Front 50

is pheochromocytoma in adults or children?

Back 50

adults