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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are dermatomes?
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region of skin innervated by sensory fibers of one dorsal root and its dorsal root ganglia.
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What is the lumbar cistern?
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region from L1-S2 where the subaranchoid space is enlarged. Is where needle is inserted during lumbar puncture.
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What is the consequence of a spinal artery infraction?
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Lose sensation of pain and temperature at that spinal level and all below it
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What are the two types of spina bifida? At what spinal levels does it most often occur at?
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occulta and cystia.
occurs at L5 to S1 |
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What is spina bifidia occulta?
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the vertebral arch doesn't close but nothing is protruding out.
Usually will see tuft of black hair or fat pad at the sight of defective closure |
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What is spinia bifidia meningocele type?
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Type where the menginges protrude out, may see open wound on back of child.
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What is spina bifidia minomyelocele type?
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Where both the meninges and the spinal cord protrude out.
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How do the ribs of someone with scoliosis appear?
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On the concave side the ribs are close together and on the convex side they are far apart.
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What is a Jefferson fracture?
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burst fracture of the arches of the atlas (C1)
*JAT* |
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What is the Hangman's fracture?
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Bilateral fracture of the pedicles in the axis between the inferior and superior articular facets.
*HAX* |
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what kind fractures of the vertebrae are common in osteoperosis? Which levels are most prone to these fractures?
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Vertebral compression fractures.
common from midthoracic to midlumbar regions. |
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What is the most important ligament in the body?
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The transverse ligament of the atlas. It holds the dens in place so that it won't fracture and press against the spinal cord.
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What is the cruciate ligament?
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It is the vertical arm of the transverse ligament of the atlas.
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What are the causes of spondyloysis? At which vertebral levels is it common? What is it?
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either congential or acquired stress fracture of the laminas with out slipping of the vertebral body. Most commonly occurs from L5 to S1.
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What happens in spondylolisthesis? What does it result in?
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There is a complete dislocation of the lamina which causes the L5 body and the transverse process to be anteriorly displaced while the lamina and spinous process are still in line with the sacral vertebra.
Causes lower limb and back pain because the protruding vertebral body and transverse process push on spinal cord. |
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True or False. Can you get a herinated disc in the cervical region?
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Yes except between C1 and C2 because there is no IVD there!
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What are the two actions that neck does during whiplash?
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Hyperextension
hyperflexion |
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What are fractures and tears caused by the hyperextension of the neck during whiplash?
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tearing of anterior longitudinal ligament and the fractures in the cervical vertebrae.
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What are the fractures, tears and such in the hyperfexion of the neck during whiplash?
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Tear in the interspinus ligament, a fracture in the vertebrae and cervical disc herniation.
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What is a green stick fracture?
What happens to the medial and lateral fragments? |
-fracture of the middle part of the clavicle
-medial part will be pushed up because of sternocleidmastoid and the lateral portion will be pushed down by weight of the shoulder. |
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What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?
What nerves can be injured? what muscles are involved? |
-anterior dislocation from gleniod -fossa to the corcoid process
AX and MC -Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspintus, biceps brachi |
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What causes a rotator cuff injury?
which is the most vulnerable tendon? |
-repeat abduction and flexon causes wear on acromion and corcoarcomial ligament.
-the supraspinatus ligament |
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What can be damaged in a fracture of the surgerical head of the humerus?
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axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery.
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What can be damaged in a midshaft fracture of the humerus?
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The radial nerve and deep brachial artery.
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What can nervous damage can a radical mastectomy cause?
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injury to the long thoracic and thoracordial nerve.
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Where does most of the lymph in the breast drain to and therefore most likely find cancerous cell in?
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The pectoral (anterior) node.
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If cancerous cells are found in these nodes, then the patient is terminal?
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The interpectoral (nodes of Rotter) nodes.
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What is the cause of tennis elbow?
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Irritations from the tendons of extensor muscles that attach to the lateral epicondyle.
-ext. digit. minimi ext. carp rad. brev ext. digit. ext. carp. ulnaris |
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What causes golfer's elbow?
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Irritation of the tendons that attach to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
-protonator teres -flex. carp. ulnaris -palmar long. -flex. carp radialis -flex digitorium super. |
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What is colles fracture?
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extension fracture of the radius
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What is Smith's fracture?
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A flexon fracture of the radius.
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What can be damaged in the scaphoid fracture? What symptoms should be looked for?
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the radial artery leading to bone neurosis of the scaphoid.
look for swelling and pain in the anatomical snuffbox. |
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What muscle will be spared if the axis is crushed of the occipital triangle?
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The rectus cap. post. minor.
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What muscle of occipital triangle will be spared in the atlas is crushed?
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the rectus cap. post. major.
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Sequence the path of the needle during a spinal anaesthesia?
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skin
fasciae supraspinal ligament interspinous ligament ligamentum slavum epidural space spinal dura matter sudural space spinal arachnoid matter spinal subarachnoid space |
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What are the common causes that of Erb Duchenne Palsy?
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It's caused by an increase between the angle between the arm and the neck like an awkward fall or doctor pulls the baby out wrong.
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What part of the brachial plexus erb's palsy does it know out.
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Upper trunk so basically all the flexors are gone and you can't supinate or abduct your arm.
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What causes klumke's palsy?
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Caused by a decrease in the angle between the neck and the head. Happens if you try to grab onto something as your're falling or if the doctor pulls the baby out by the arm.
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