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26 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Mumps |
Viral infection that infects salivary glands, pancreas, and testis Symptoms = pain while chewing, dry mouth, fever, swelling of parotid gland Prevented by MMR vaccination |
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Frey's syndrome |
Auriculotemporal syndrome; Gustatory Hyperhidrosis, Baillarger syndrome Taste induced sweating Causes = trauma to parotid gland (wounds, infections, paridoectomy) Excessive sweating in face region Sympathetic innervation to sweat glands (greater auricular nerve) and PS innervation to parotid (auriculotemporal nerve) get mixed up |
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Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis |
Caused by infections in danger triangle of face Facial vein tributaries to ophthalamic veins to cavernous sinus (infections drain intracranially) Most common organisms = staphylococcus and streptococcus Deadly; before AB's = 80-100% death rate Symptoms = headache, fever, photophobia, proptosis, CN deficits of 3-6 |
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Parotid Duct stone |
Symptoms = Pain thats increased w/ eating and chewing, dialated duct and inflamed gland = swelling, fever |
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Salivary Gland tumors |
70% in parotid gland 80-85% benign Most common benign = Pleomorphic adenoma Most common malignant = mucoepidermoid carcinoma; rapid growth, may invade nerves = numbness, pain, and palsy |
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Congenital Torticollis |
"Wry Neck" Causes: 1) Fibrous tissue that develops in SCM before birth = mal-positioned head in utero; shortens the muscle fibers 2) Shortly after birth = difficult breech delivery tore SCM fibers Hematoma develops into fibrotic mass that entraps CN XI and causes head to tilt toward and face turns away from affected side Trt = surgical release of SCM from inf. attachments |
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Spasmodic torticollis |
Cervical dystonia Abnormal tonicity that begins in adulthood SCM and trapezius = sustained turning, tilting, flexing, or extending the neck Causes = usually psychogenic and involuntary Trt = section the spinal component of accessory nerve (CNXI) |
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Anterior Dislocation of TMJ |
Large bites/yawning = excessive contraction of lateral pterygoids head of mandible pops out of mandibular fossa Need to load up w/ zylocain and push two back molars down and back; snap back in |
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Epidural Hematoma |
Tear of middle meningeal artery (off maxillary artery) Arterial bleed between dura and skull Often a skull fracture near pterion (H-shaped suture in the temporal fossa) CT scan = lens-shaped dense area (blood = white) Emergency trephination and evacuation of blood |
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Subdural Hematoma |
Bridging veins that are torn by head injury Bleeding can be mild and asymptomatic Follows the outline of the skull since it isn't tethered like an epidural hematoma Trt = trephination and evacuation of blood Clot liquified and removed w/ suction |
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Subarachnoid hematoma |
Excruciating headache = main symptom Often a ruptured aneurysm near the circle of Willis Causes 72% = ruptured aneurysm 12% = cerebral hemorrhage (extremely high BP) 10% = AV malformation (AVM) 6% = unexplained |
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Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis |
Mostly effects the CNVI (abducens nerve) |
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Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) of the brain |
normally have arteries getting smaller and smaller, end in capillaries, blood then gets picked up by veins AVM = no capillaries, basically a shunt from arteries to veins Can be extensive in the brain Congenital Can break = subarachnoid bleed |
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Facial Nerve Palsy of Bell |
Idiopathic > 80% = possibly due to viral infection resulting in facial nerve swelling of facial canal Trt = most often resolves spontaneously; steroid may help early on |
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Trigeminal Neuralgia (nickname, cause, symptoms) |
Tic Douloreux Cause = neurovascular compression at root entry zone as nerve travels through prepontine cistern to enter pons Vulnerable to pulsatile pressure = focal demyelination and short-circuiting of impulses Usually created by an elongated superior cerebellar artery (sometimes Ant. INf. cerebellar) Symptoms = severe electric shocks, refractory period, can be spontaneous or triggered by stimulating V2 area Onset = after 50, women 2X more No sensory loss |
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Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus |
Shingles Varicella-zoster virus gets reactivated in V1 Pain = unilateral, steady and sustained. Can be shooting, jabbing, or radiating by light stimulation Postherpetic neuralgia = pain persisting for +4-6 weeks after rash = neurological complication of VZV
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Proptosis |
Bulging Eyes |
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Oculomotor nerve palsy |
Dilated Pupil (no PS innervation to counter) Ptosis of upper lid (no levator palpebrae innervation) Eyes fixed down and out (only SO and lateral rectus fxn) Causes: Aneurysm (posterior cerebral artery) Diabetes Hypertension Tumor |
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Blepharoptosis |
Drooping of Upper eyelid = ptosis Weakness or paralysis of levator palpebrae (CN III) or superior tarsal muscle (sympathetic; less droop) |
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Horner's syndrome |
Sympathetic Denervation Ptosis = eyelid droo Miosis = constriction of pupil Anydrosis = lack of sweating May have sunken eyeball and/or periorbital flushing |
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Lesion before Geniculate Ganglion |
Most commonly in the IAM Knocks out the greater petrosal nerve, chorda tympani, and facial nerve motor branches Greater petrosal = KO taste over palate and lacrimation/salivation Nerve to Stapedius= hyperacusis Facial nerve motor = complete same side facial paralysis Chorda Tympani = KO taste to Anterior 2/3 tongue
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Lesion just after Geniculate Ganglion |
Complete same side facial paralysis (motor nerves of VII) Hyperacusis = Nerve to Stapedius Loss of taste over ant. 2/3 of tongue = chorda tympani NOT LOST = taste over palate and lacrimation = preservation of greater petrosal nerve |
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Lesion after Chorda tympani |
Most commonly around Stylomastoid foramen Complete same side facial paralysis = Motor VII = Bell's Palsy NO taste loss, hyperacusis, loss of lacrimation or salivation |
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Pierre Robin Syndrome |
1st branchial arch defect Extreme micrognanthia (small mandible) and ear defects Imbalance between size of tongue and hypoplastic jaw Interferes w/ pharyngeal airway |
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Treacher Collins Syndrome |
1st branchial arch defect defects of ear, eye, palate, and jaw Disruption of TCOF1 gene expressed in neural fold and neural crest cells |
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DiGeorge's Syndrome |
Catch 22 Microdeletion in chromosome 22 Pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4 don't differentiate into parathyroids (hypocalcemia) and thymus (immunodeficiency) Compression of trachea Facial anomalies Cardiovascular anomalies
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