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41 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Coumadin
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Blood Thinner to prevent blood clots.
Labs weekly/monthly. Avoid Excessive Vit K ie. Green Leafy Vegetables. Report Blood in stool/urine, unusual bruising/bleed. Avoid NSAIDs/Aspirin. Use soft toothbrush & electric razor. |
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Ciprofloxacin
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Antibiotic for endocarditis.
Calcium inhibits absorption of the antibiotic. Avoid Dark Leafy Greens, Low Fat Dairy Products, Almonds, Canned Fish & Antacids/OJ w/ calcium. Photosensitivity - sunscreen, protective clothes. Take entire regimen even if feeling better. |
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Lovenox
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Blood Thinner to prevent blood clots.
Report Blood in stool/urine, unusual bruising/bleed. Use soft toothbrush & electric razor. Avoid NSAIDs/Aspirin. |
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Lipitor
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Reduces cholesterol.
Avoid Alcohol. Report consistent fever, muscle pain or excessive tiredness. Take w/ or without food. Good diet, weight control, exercise. Avoid high fat foods. LFT's @ 6 wks & 12 wks. |
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Lisinopril
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Antihypertensive
Don't abruptly stop - causes rebound hypertension Avoid foods high in potassium - bananas, baked potatoes w/ skin, yogurt, green leafy vegs, white beans, avocados Avoid foods high in sodium - canned soups, lunch meats, cheeses, salt substitutes w/ potassium. Rise to a standing position slowly. |
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Rifampin
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Antibiotic - treats active TB infection
Urine, sweat, tears & saliva will be orange. Photosensitivity - avoid direct sunlight, use sunscreen Wear glasses instead of contact lenses (stained orange) Monthly LFT's & Renal Tests Take full regimen even if feeling better. Call Dr if: Yellowing, Abd. Pain, Fever > 3 days, finger/toes tingling, easy bruising/bleeding, skin rash, vision changes, achy joints. |
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Isoniazid
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Antibiotic - treats active TB infection
Avoid aged foods (wine, cheese, soy sauce, tuna, yeast) Monthly LFT's & Renal Tests Take full regimen even if feeling better Call Dr if: Yellowing, Abd. Pain, Fever > 3 days, finger/toes tingling, easy bruising/bleeding, skin rash, vision changes, achy joints. |
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Flovent
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Anti-Inflammatory Steroid Inhaler
Daily use MDI NOT for acute asthma attacks. Inhaler needs primed b4 1st use. Shake before each use. Rinse mouth & spit water out after every use. May cause bronchospasms or angioedema. If bronchospasm occurs - use Albuterol immediately. |
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Prednisone Taper
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Anti-Inflammatory Steroid
Higher dose tapered to lower dose as S&S improve. If diabetic, check blood glucose often. Weight gain & trouble sleeping may occur. |
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Cromolyn Sodium
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Anti-Inflammatory Steroid Inhaler
For triggers such as pets, exercise, pollens, etc. NOT for acute asthma attacks. Take 1-2 hours prior to exposure Contact your physician if you experience muscle weakness, are unusually tired or have swelling of the ankles/feet. |
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Albuterol
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Rescue Inhaler for acute attacks.
Use this if you can't catch your breath. If prescriber allows > 1 inhalation, wait 2 minutes between. If prescriber ordered corticosteroid inhaler (Flovent), use Albuterol first, wait 5 minutes then use that. If no improvement or effects are < 2 hours, call 911. Rinse inhaler & mouth after each use. Wash inhaler with warm soapy water weekly. |
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Singulair
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Anti-asthmatic
Daily Use control of asthma symptoms Do not stop taking without consulting physician If sensitive to aspirin, don't take aspirin or NSAIDs while taking singular. NOT intended for acute asthma attacks. |
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Z-Pack
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Antibiotic
Take full regimen as prescribed even if feeling better. Take 1 h before or 2 h after meals Food may reduce GI upset Angioedema - 911 Avoid excessive sun exposure |
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Renagel (sevelamer)
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Phosphate binder - controls serum phosphorus and prevents dropping serum calcium.
Serum Phosphorus - 2.4 - 4.1 mg/dL. Take with food. Give other drugs 1 h before or 3 h after Renagel. Don't cut, crush or chew tablets. Adverse Reaction: Thrombosis - watch for numbness, tingling in arms/legs, chest pain & report immediately. |
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Rocaltrol (calcitriol)
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Anti-hypocalcemic
It is Vitamin D3 - enhanced calcium absorption. Serum Calcium - 8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL. Toxicity S&S: Weakness, N/V, Constipation, Dry Mouth, Metallic Taste, Muscle/Bone Pain. Take w/ or w/o food. Protect med from heat/light. Avoid antacids w/ magnesium. |
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Procrit (epoetin alfa)
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Enhanced RBC production to treat anemia
Keep refrigerated & protect from light. Don't shake vial. Dispose of if particulates or med discolored. SubQ Injection - fatty areas of upper arm, abdomen, mid thigh, outer buttocks. Can cause seizures early on - avoid operating heavy machinery. Dosage adjusted based on serum hemoglobin. F (12.3 - 15.3 g/dL) & M (14.0 - 17.5 g/dL) Will also be prescribed iron supplements. |
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FeSO4 (Iron)
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Iron supplement for anemia.
Keep out of reach of children. Leading cause of accidental poisoning in < 6 y.o.s Take w/o food 1 h before or 2 h after meals. Take w/ juice or water, not milk or antacids. Stools may turn black. Do not crush or chew extended release form. |
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Metformin (glucophage)
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Oral antidiabetic
Take with food. Don't cut or crush extended release tablets. Goal: Fasting < 100 Goal: Anytime < 125 Adverse Affects: Lactic Acidosis, Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia - sweating, hunger, nausea, shaky, weak, dizzy, HA, blurred vision, slurred speech, confusion, unsteadiness. Hyperglycemia - polyuria, thirst, HA, blurred vision, fruity breath, SOA. Lactic Acidosis - Hyperventilation, muscle pain, sleepy, stomach pain, feeling cold, slow/irregular heart rate. |
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Digoxin (lanoxin)
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Reduces Heart Rate & increases Strength of Contraction.
Check pulse for 1 minute & hold dose if < 60. Toxicity S&S: Yellow/Green halos in vision or N/V - contact physician. Report to physician if pulse < 60 or > 110, irregular or skipped beats. Eat consistent diet of Potassium rich foods - white beans, green leafy vegs, baked potatoes w/ skin, bananas, yogurt, avocados. |
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Pradaxa
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Prevents production of blood clots.
Avoid NSAIDs & Aspirins - also thin blood. May bruise easier & cuts take longer to stop bleeding. Will be scheduled for regular kidney tests. Take w/ or w/o food. S&S of internal bleeding: black tarry stools or coffee ground vomit - contact physician. |
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Coreg (carvedilol)
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Antihypertensive
Don't stop abruptly - rebound hypertension Rise slowly Diabetics - frequently monitor b.s., Coreg can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. COPD, Asthma, OSA pts - discuss these conditions with your doctor. Take in the a.m. w/ food. Capsules can be opened and mixed w/ cool applesauce if ingested immediately. |
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Clonopine (clonidine hydrochloride)
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Antihypertensive med - Alpha agonist
Also used for smoking cessation (if smoker) Don't stop abruptly - rebound hypertension Rise slowly If patch - apply & leave in place for 7 days. Can shower. If MRI - notify facility. If oral - take as prescribed. Take last dose immediately before bed. May cause drowsiness but should resolve in 4-6 weeks. |
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Coronary Artery Disease Pathophysiology
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CAD - damage to the inside walls of the arteries providing oxygen to your heart which then causes weakness of the heart muscle.
Causes: High Cholesterol, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Smoking |
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Infective Endocarditis w/ St. Jude Mechanical Valve Pathophysiology
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An infection has caused inflammation of the lining of the heart or heart valves. Damage extensive enough that a heart valve had to be replaced with a mechanical valve. This valve will last a lifetime; however, it does require you to take a blood thinner such as Warfarin daily to prevent clots from forming in & around the new valve.
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CAD Patient Teaching
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Eat a well balanced diet low in fat, sodium & sugar.
Exercise regularly to improve overall health. Keep all follow-up physician & lab appointments for monitoring of condition and PT & INR. |
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Infective Endocarditis w/ St. Jude Mechanical Valve - Patient Teaching
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See dentist q 6 months & take good care of teeth.
Contact physician for antibiotic before going to the dentist or with any invasive procedures. Avoid soaking incision until healed & do not remove steristrips. Do not drive or ride in the front seat of a car for 4-6 wks. Avoid sex for 2 weeks & don't lift 10# or more. Report any drainage or swelling of your incision site, a fever of 101 or more, flu like symptoms, or unexplained bleeding. |
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Tuberculosis Pathophysiology
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An infectious disease caused by an airborne bacteria. Easily spread from person to person & infects the lungs. Can take 2-10 weeks for symptoms to develop after exposure.
S&S: cough w/ or w/o sputum, night sweats, chest pain & fatigue. Two Step skin test, chest x-ray & sputum cultures may be needed to accurately assess & diagnose TB. |
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Tuberculosis Patient Teaching
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You will now always test positive but will need chest x-rays to determine if active infection is present.
Refer close contacts for testing. Wear mask until physician tells you otherwise. Inform all doctors, dentists & eye doctors of diagnosis. Eat well balanced meals w/ protein & calories or several small meals if appetite impacted. Add high protein shakes, such as Ensure. Treatment takes 6-12 months. Keep all follow-up physician/lab appointments for LFT's, CXR, patient monitoring. Report to physician if: fever, fatigue, sore throat, bloody sputum, night sweats, coughing. |
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Asthma Pathophysiology
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An inflammation of the airways allowing narrowing & mucous buildup which makes it difficult to breathe.
Triggers may be pet dander, pollens, smoking, perfumes, extreme heat/cold. It is important to identify your triggers & avoid them. |
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Asthma Patient Teaching
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Peak Flow Meter Green, Yellow & Red Zones.
Inhaler w/ spacer, place end of spacer in mouth, squeeze medication cannister, inhale slowly & hold breath for 10 seconds then breathe out slowly. Rinse mouth & spacer. Quit smoking & avoid second hand smoke. Get vaccinations for flu & pneumonia If experiencing acute attack symptoms, use Albuterol/Corticosteroid Inhalers & if symptoms do not improve, call 911. |
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Acute Bronchitis Pathophysiology
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An inflammation of the lungs that is associated with a dry, painful, nonproductive cough.
Tx: Tylenol for fever, Cough Syrup for cough & Antibiotic for infection. |
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End Stage Renal Disease Pathophysiology
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Kidneys no longer function well enough to sustain life without dialysis or a kidney transplant. This lack of function allows for buildup of fluids & waste products in the body which negatively impact all other body systems.
Most Common Causes: DM & HTN |
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AV Graft Pathophysiology
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This is created to allow for hemodialysis. This creates a blood access that can be used repeatedly with good blood flow. This is created by a surgeon who places an artificial blood vessel that goes between an artery & vein. They are most often placed in the forearm.
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AV Graft Post-surgery Teaching
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Watch for S&S of infection such as redness, swelling, discharge or warmth. Keep dressing clean & dry. Elevate arm above your heart on 1-3 pillows.
Contact physician if dressing becomes saturated, you experience a rise in temperate or numbness of your hand or an increase in pain. Encourage circulate with gentle exercise a couple of times a day. |
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AV Graft LTC Teaching
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Check blood flow with touch & verify feeling of "buzz", if no buzz go to ER & notify dr. immediately.
Do not wear tight clothing on arm. Do not carry items that press against graft (child, purse) No blood pressure or venipunctures on that arm. Do not lift things above 25# |
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End Stage Renal Disease Patient Teaching
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Hemodialysis will occur 2-3 x week.
Adhere to diet, meds & exercise as indicated by physician Monitor blood pressures Monitor blood glucose Quit smoking |
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Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology
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A rapid/disorganized twitching of the upper chambers of the heart caused by uncoordinated electrical activity. This allows for blood to pool in the atria which can then clot. This clot can break away and travel to your brain causing a stroke or to your lungs causing a pulmonary embolism.
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RVR (Rapid Ventricular Response) Pathophysiology
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Due to the uncoordinated electrical activity in your heart, your lower ventricles are pumping too quickly. So much so that they pump before they are full of blood. This causes a decrease in the amount of oxygenated blood being sent into your systemic circulation.
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Atrial Fibrillation Patient Teaching
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Take medications EXACTLY as prescribed
Have labs drawn EXACTLY as directed Quit smoking Avoid alcohol & caffeinated drinks. If overweight, reduce calorie intake to lose weight but DO NOT take diet pills. Eat a diet low in salt, fat & cholesterol. Start an exercise program.. |
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Hypertensive Crisis Pathophysiology
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A state of extremely high blood pressure which causes organ damage. If the top number is > 180 or the bottom number is > 120, you are at risk & need to seek medical attention immediately.
Tx goal: Reduce bp by 25% w/in the first hour, then down to 160/110 over the next 6 hours & then gradual reduction over days. |
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Hypertensive Crisis Patient Teaching
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Manage hypertension to prevent another crisis.
Do NOT abruptly stop prescribed antihypertensive meds. Monitor cholesterol levels & diet modifications. Limit sodium intake. Decrease stress. Avoid alcohol. Exercise 3-4 x / week for 30 minutes. Seek treatment immediately if you experience HA, Pain-Chest, epistaxis, Edema, Nausea, SOA, Vision Changes, Emesis. |
