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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amperometry
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A constant voltage or potential is applied between two electrodes, one serves as an anode (+), the other serves as a cathode (-)
If a substance is introduced that can be oxidized or reduced by the applied voltage, then current (electrons) will flow between the two electrodes The current will be proportional to the rate at which the substance can diffuse to the electrodes from the sample, which is usually proportional to the concentration of the substance in the sample |
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Coulometry
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Coulometry is the measurement of the # of coulombs of charge involved in a chemical reaction
Because Ag+ is generated at a constant rate, the time to reach the equivalence point is directly proportional to the [Cl-] |
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Voltammetry
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The half-wave potential is a characteristic of the reaction
The limiting (diffusion) current is proportional to the concentration of oxidant or reductant |
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Osmometry
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Osmolality is one of four colligative properties of solutions
A colligative propery is one that depends solely on the concentration of ions or molecules, and not on the type of ion or molecule When a solute is dissolved in water, it raises the osmotic pressure of the solution raises the boiling point of the solution lowers the freezing point of the solution lowers the vapor pressure of water above the solution |
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What will the freezing point be of a 500 mosm/kg solution be?
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When 1 osmole of solute dissolves in 1 kg of water, it lowers the freezing point of water to –1.86oC
freezing pt. depression is directly proportional to the osmolality |
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Protein Isoelectric Point (pI)
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pH > pI PROTEIN NET CHARGE = ( - )
pH = pI PROTEIN NET CHARGE = 0 pH < pI PROTEIN NET CHARGE = ( + ) |
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Factors that affect electrophoretic separation
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In a solution of charged molecules in an electric field, there are forces that accelerate the molecules toward the oppositely charged electrode, and there are forces that oppose that acceleration
F= (E/d)Q where F = accelerating force E = applied voltage d = distance between electrodes Q = coulombs of charge on the molecule |
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an excited state produced by light energy and light is emitted from excited singlet state
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Fluorescence
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Excited state produced by light energy and light is emitted form excited triplet state
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Phosphorescence
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Excited state produced by chemical reaction and light is emitted from excited singlet state
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Chemiluminescence
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Relative intensity of fluorescence is equal to?
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Quantum efficiency of fluorescence x intensity of excitation wavelength x molar absorptivity x light path x concentration
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