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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In order to be effective what must a diagnostic system be? |
It must be reliable and valid |
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When does good reliability exist?
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Reliability exists if there is good consistency over time and between those people using the system to rate patients. |
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When does validity exist? |
Validity exists if the diagnostic system assess what it purports to assess. To be valid, the diagnostic system must have high reliability. |
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What does DSM-5 assume? |
DSM-5 assumes mental disorders are distinct from each other; if a person meets the criteria for a given disorder then s/he is categorised as having that disorder. Therefore with the categorical approach a person either has or does not have the disorder; there are no part way positions.
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what two lines of evidence indicate that schizophrenia is not as clear cut as the categorical approach suggests |
comorbidity and schizotypy
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What does comorbidity refer to?
When do schizophrenic patients exhibit comorbidity?
What research did Sim et al? |
Comorbidity refers to two or more mental disorders occurring within a patient at the same time. Schizophrenic patients often exhibit comorbidity with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or an anxiety disorder. Schizophrenic patients often exhibit comorbidity with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or anxiety disorder. For example, Sim et al. (2006) reported that 32% of 142 hospitalised schizophrenic patients had an additional mental disorder: those with comorbidity had less awareness of their condition and poorer outcomes than those without comorbidity |
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why does comorbidity arise and what problems does this cause? |
Comorbidity arises partly because different mental disorders’ symptoms often overlap. For instance, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder both involve very low levels of motivation.
This can give rise to problems with reliability as low motivation could indicate schizophrenia, major depression or both conditions.
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What conditions reduce the possibility of diagnosing schizophrenia reliably? |
Schizotypy and Schizotypal personality disorder |
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What is Schizotypy? |
Schizotypy means a proneness to develop psychosis, especially schizophrenia. |
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What is Schizotypal personality disorder |
Schizotypal personality disorder captures a condition in which a person has a mild form of several symptoms of schizophrenia. Both conditions reduce the possibility of diagnosing Schizophrenia reliably |
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who stated that normal people who have high schizotypy scores have been shown to be more likely than other people to develop a psychosis, typically schizophrenia over the next 10 years? |
Chapman et al., 1994 |
