Clinical Anatomy Of The Nervous System (Lectures 4-6)

Front 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Back 1

To control the functions of the body.

Front 2

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Back 2

Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous sytem (PNS)

Front 3

What is the structure of the external CNS?

Back 3

Brain
Spinal cord

Front 4

What is the structure of the PNS?

Back 4

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia

Front 5

What structures protect the CNS?

Back 5

Meninges (membranes) suspended in cerebrospinal fluid and encapsulated by the skull and the vertabrae.

Front 6

What is the structure and function of a neuron?

Back 6

Contain multiple short dendrites that transmit impulses to the cell and one long axon that transmists the impuse away from the cell.

Front 7

What is the structure of the internal CNS?

Back 7

Gray matter
White matter

Front 8

What is the structure of gray matter, white matter?

Back 8

CNS nerve cells embedded in neuroglia.
CNS nerve fibers (axons) embedded in neuroglia.

Front 9

What structures protect the PNS?

Back 9

Thin fibrous sheaths, therefore, relatively unprotected.

Front 10

What types of structures protect the spinal cord.

Back 10

Meninges including dura mater (external), arachnoid mater (middle), pia mater (internal).
Cerebrospinal fluid
Vertebrae

Front 11

What is the perpendicular structure of the spinal cord?

Back 11

Begins at the foramen magnum of the skull as the medulla oblongata-ends as the conus medullaris in the lumbar section (L2,L3)

Front 12

What is horizontal structure of the spinal cord?

Back 12

Rootlets that combine into 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Contain anterior (motor) roots and posterior (sensory) roots with a posterior root ganglion.

Front 13

What is the internal structure of the spinal cord?

Back 13

Inner core of gray matter with an H-shaped pillar and a central canal.
Outer core of white matter.

Front 14

How is the gray matter divided in the spinal cord?

Back 14

Anterior gray column and posterior gray column on the outside of the H pillar. Internal to the H pillar is the gray commisure and central canal.

Front 15

What is the external structure of the brain?

Back 15

Enclosed in meninges including pia mater (interior), arachnoid mater (middle), dura mater (exterior), and the craium/skull.

Front 16

How is the brain divided?

Back 16

Hindbrain (inferior)
Midbrain
Forebrain

Front 17

How is the hindbrain divided?

Back 17

"Transversely"
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Cerebellum (superior)

Front 18

How is the forebrain divided?

Back 18

"Sagitally"
Diencephalon (between brain)
Cerebrum

Front 19

What is the structure and function of the medulla oblongata?

Back 19

Conical in shape and connects the pons (superiorly) and the spinal cord (inferiorly). Contains many neurons (nuclei) with ascending and descending fibers.

Front 20

What is the structure and function of the Pons?

Back 20

Connects the midbrain (inferiorly) and the medulla oblongata (superiorly). Contains ascending, descending, and transverse fibers connecting the cerebellar hemispheres.

Front 21

What is the external structure of the cerebellum?

Back 21

Within the poserior cranial fossa, posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata. Connected to the midbrain and hindbrain by cerebellar pefuncles (superior, middle, inferior). Two lateral hemispheres connected by the vermis.

Front 22

What is the surface and internal structure of the cerebellum?

Back 22

Composed of gray matter within folds (folia) of the cortex.

Front 23

What is the structure of the midbrain?

Back 23

A narrow part of the brain that connects the forebrain to the hindbrain.

Front 24

What are the location and function of the nerve cell groups within the anterior gray columns?

Back 24

efferent that innervate skeletal muscles are divided into medial group (trunk), central group (cervical, lumbosacral, and lateral (limbs).

Front 25

What are the location and the function of the nerve cell groups within the posterior gray columns?

Back 25

Substantia gletinosa
Nucleus proprius
Nucleus dorsalis
Visceral afferent nucleus

Front 26

What is the structure and function of the substantia gletinosa group?

Back 26

Afferent fibers substantia gletinosa apex of the posterior gray column, recieves information of pain, temperature, touch.

Front 27

What is the structure and function of the nucleus porprius group?

Back 27

Afferent fibers anterior to sybstantia in the posterior gray column, recieve signals from posterior white column in the form of position, movement, vibration, 2-point discrimination information

Front 28

What is the structure and funciton of the nucleus dorsalis group?

Back 28

Afferent fibers in the base of the posterior gray column, recieve proprioceptive information.

Front 29

What is the structure and function of the visceral afferent nucleus?

Back 29

Afferent nerve cells lateral to nucleus dorsalis recieves visceral information.

Front 30

What is the structue and function of lateral gray columns?

Back 30

Extends from the T1-L2/3 and include preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Front 31

What is the location and function of the central canal?

Back 31

A canal that hold cereberal spinal fluid. Located in the center of the H-shape gray matter, running from the medulla oblongata to the filum terminale.

Front 32

How is the white matter in the spinal cord classified?

Back 32

Arrangement of the fibers is based on ascending, descending, and intersegmental tracts.

Front 33

What is the structure of the diencephalon?

Back 33

Consists of dorsal thalamus and ventral hypothalamus.