Clinical Anatomy Efficient Neurologic Exam

Front 1

mental status is a crude assessment of:

Back 1

BRAINSTEM
(cerebral cortex and reticular activating center)

Front 2

behavior relates to:

Back 2

FOREBRAIN function

Front 3

posture reflects function of what 3 things:

Back 3

1. general proprioceptive system
2. vestibular system (special proprioception)
3. cerebellum

Front 4

continuous head tilt to one side suggests:

Back 4

vestibular disease

Front 5

Abnormal head coordination, bobbing, and tremors result from:

Back 5

cerebellar dysfunction

Front 6

6 signs of vestibular disease

Back 6

Vestibular Clinical Signs

1. Head tilt - ipsilateral
2. Leaning/falling/tilting - ipsilateral
3. Ataxia
4. Vomiting and salivation -usually more prominent in peripheral disease
5. Nystagmus - labelled according to fast phase that is away from lesion
6. Strabismus - ipsilateral

Front 7

Abnormal posture of the trunk may be caused by:

Back 7

abnormalities of the spine or altered muscle tone from spinal cord or brain lesions

Front 8

Symmetrical trunkal ataxia is associated with

Back 8

cerebellar lesions

Front 9

Does maintenance of gait in quadrupeds require control from the cerebral cortex?

Back 9

No.

Front 10

Limbs are maintained in extension for supporting weight by what?

Back 10

spinal cord reflexes

Front 11

Gait is initiated where?

Back 11

brainstem

Front 12

Stepping movement signals are transmitted by what?

Back 12

spinal cord

Front 13

Do lesions in the forebrain abolish gait?

Back 13

No.

Front 14

True or false: Lesions in the brainstem cause paresis or paralysis.

Back 14

TRUE

Front 15

Most brainstem lesions cause paresis/paralysis that is ____________ (ipsilateral or contralateral), but rostral brainstem lesions may be seen ___________.

Back 15

ipsilateral

contralateral

Front 16

Ataxia can be a sign of what 3 things?

Back 16

1. general proprioceptive dysfunction (peripheral nerve and spinal cord pathways)
2. vestibular disease, or
3. cerebellar lesions

Front 17

The motor system is composed of what 2 primary segments?

Back 17

1. upper motor neurons (UMN)
2. lower motor neurons (LMN)

Front 18

The upper motor neuron system includes:

Back 18

1. neurons in the cerebral cortex and brainstem, and
2. their axonal processes (motor long tracts) that synapse on motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

Front 19

The lower motor neurons are found where? (very general)

Back 19

connecting the central nervous system with muscles

Front 20

The UMN system is responsible for what?

Back 20

voluntary movement

Front 21

What are motor long tracts?

Back 21

the axonal processes of upper motor neurons that synapse on motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

Front 22

What are the most important lower motor neurons?

Back 22

cranial nerves, brachial plexus, and pelvic plexus

Front 23

Define monoparesis.

Back 23

paresis of one limb

Front 24

Define paraparesis.

Back 24

paresis of both pelvic limbs

Front 25

Define tetraparesis/quadraparesis.

Back 25

paresis of all limbs

Front 26

Define hemiparesis.

Back 26

paresis of limbs on one side

Front 27

Ataxia is a sensory sign that results from one of what 3 things?

Back 27

1. proprioceptive dysfunction
2. cerebellar dysfunction, or
3. vestibular dysfunction

Front 28

Define proprioception.

Back 28

sense of position

Front 29

The general proprioceptive system is composed of what 3 components?

Back 29

1. receptors in joints, tendons and muscles (proproceptors),
2. axons connected to neurons located in the dorsal root ganglion, and
3. axonal processes located in long tracts of the spinal cord and brainstem

Front 30

Do cerebellar lesions cause paresis?

Back 30

NO.

Front 31

Paresis in vestibular disease indicates what?

Back 31

that it's central vestibular disease

Front 32

Define dermatomes.

Back 32

the area of skin innervated by a pair of spinal nerves

Front 33

What does the palpebral reflex check?

Back 33

sensory component is the trigeminal nerve (V)
motor component is the facial nerve (VII)

Front 34

Jaw tone assesses what?

Back 34

Cranial nerve 5 (motor to muscles of mastication)

Front 35

Tongue placement and movement assesses what?

Back 35

CN 12 – hypoglossal

Front 36

Gag reflex assesses what?

Back 36

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal) and CN 10 (vagus)

Front 37

The clinical sign dysphagia may indicate what?

Back 37

Disorders of CN 9 (glossopharyngeal) and CN 10 (vagus) with their origins in the caudal medulla

Front 38

List the cranial nerves in order.

Back 38

I Olfactory
II Optic
III Oculomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducent
VII Facial
VIII Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear)
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Spinal Accessory
XII Hypoglossal

Front 39

List the cranial nerves in order.

Back 39

Front 40

List the cranial nerves in order.

Back 40

Front 41

List the cranial nerves and state the function of each.

Back 41

Front 42

Label the diagram with the following terms: cerebral hemisphere (cerebrum), midbrain, medulla, cerebellum.

Back 42