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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clindamycin is a part of what class of drugs?
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Lincosamides
It's the only one in the class |
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What is the mechanism of clindamycin?
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Inhibition of elongation through binding to the 50S ribosomal subuint
Binds at a similar site to macrolides--> can induce resistance |
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What are the mechanisms of resistance to clindamycin?
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Methylation of the 50S ribosome to prevent binding (MLSb resistnace)
Efflux |
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What is the molecular mechanism of methylase induction by erythromycin?
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Binding of erythromycin causes the ribosome to pause, causing RNA stem loop reformation, revealing the start site of a methylase.
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What is the bioavailability of Clindamycin?
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85% bioavailable
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Where is Clindamycin distributed?
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Widely distributed; penetrates bone. (THINK OSTEOMYELITIS)
Doesn't penetrate the CSF |
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Does Clindamycin penetrate the CSF?
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No.
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What is the metabolism of Clindamycin?
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Clindamycin is extensively metabolized to inactive forms.
T1/2 = 2.7 hr. |
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What is the excretion of clindamycin?
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Renal and bile?
10% is excreted unchanged in the urine |
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Is clindamycin bacteriocidal or static?
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Static
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What disease can clindamycin cause?
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Pseudomembranous colitis
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What is the treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?
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Vancomycin
Metronidazole |
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What are the adverse effects of clindamycin?
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GI irritation
Hypersensitivity reactions Rare: blockage of neuromucular transmission. Can potentiate a NM blocking agent |
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Against which bacteria are Clindamycin particularly active?
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Gram positive aerobes.
All anaerobic bacteria |
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What type of an infection should you not treat with clindamycin? What type of drugs are good for treating this type of an infection?
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Gram negative aerobic infection.
Aminoglycosides |
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With what drug should you not treat a urinary tract infection or sepsis? Why?
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Clindamycin
Lack of activity against gram-negative organisms |
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What are the clinical uses of clindamycin?
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Gram postiive infections: used as an alternative to the penicillins in those with allergies
Anaerobic infections (particularly B. fragilis) Mixed bacterial infections |
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What is the mechanism of action of Chloramphenicol?
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Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50SD ribosomal subunit
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What is the mechanism of resistance to Chloramphenicol?
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Methylation of the 50S ribosomal subunit site where the drug binds.
Bacteriostatic |
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What kinds of bacteria is Chloramphenicol active against?
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Everything!
Gram positive, gram negative Aerobic, anaerobic bacteria |
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What types of infections are treated by chloramphenicol?
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Chlamydia
Mycoplamsa |
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What is the route of elimination for Chloramphenicol?
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Glucuronidation in the liver - think of the mechanism of Gray Baby syndrome in babies
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What are the adverse effects of Chloramphenicol?
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Bome marrow toxicity
Gray Baby syndrome |
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What problem later in life can Chloramphenicol cause?
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Leukemia due to aplastic anemia while on the drug.
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What is the mechanism by which this drug causes Gray Baby Syndrome in Newborns?
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Chloramphenicol
Babies can't glucuronidate the drug (liver isn't mature enough), so it can't be excreted --> toxic levels. |
