Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How does clindamycin work?
|
Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and inhibits protein synthesis by preventing elongation
|
|
|
Is clindamycin bactericidal or bacteristatic?
|
Bacteristatic
|
|
|
How do bacteria have resistance against clindamycin?
|
Possible induced resistance from erythromycin (which can cause methylation of rRNA
|
|
|
How is clindamycin administered?
|
Orally
|
|
|
Where in the body does clindamycin penetrate?
|
Widely distributed, penetrates bone, poor penetration into CSF
|
|
|
What are some adverse effects to clindamycin?
|
GI irritation
Rash Rarely can block neuromuscular transmission |
|
|
What should you do if your patient is diagnosed with C. diff?
|
Stop clindamycin if they are on it and give metronidazole or vancomycin
|
|
|
What kind of bacteria does clindamycin have activity against?
|
Gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes
Gram-negative anaerobes NOT Gram-negative aerobes |
|
|
What are the clinical uses of clindamycin?
|
Gram-positive infections - alternative to penicillin or cephalosporins in allergic patients
Anaerobic infections Mixed bacterial infections - oral cavity |
|
|
Is metronidazole bacteristatic or bactericidal?
|
Bactericidal
|
|
|
How does metronidazole work?
|
Has to be activated by the bacteria into a short-lived, reactive species that causes double strand breaks in bacterial DNA
|
|
|
How is metronidazole administered?
|
Orally
|
|
|
What is the distribution of metronidazole in the body?
|
All over
High CSF penetration |
|
|
What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?
|
GI irritation
Metallic taste Inhibits alcohol metabolism CNS effects Can impact warfarin metabolism |
|
|
What are the clinical uses of metronidazole?
|
Anaerobic infections
Protozoal infections Helicobacter pylori Oral treatment of C. diff |
|
|
How does fidaxomicin work?
|
It inhibits RNA polymerase
|
|
|
What is fidaxomicin used against?
|
C. diff, very selective
|
|
|
How is fidaxomicin administered?
|
Orally, although there is poor oral absorption (but OK because it acts in the gut)
|
|
|
Where is fidaxomicin distributed in the body?
|
Mainly the gut (poor absorption)
|
|
|
What are the benefits of fidaxomicin over vancomycin?
|
More selective for C. diff and it has a lower recurrence rate
|
|
|
How does chloramphenicol work?
|
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit
|
|
|
What does chloramphenicol work against?
|
Gram positive and Gram negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of chloramphenicol?
|
Bone marrow toxicity
Gray Baby Syndrome in newborns - because babies couldn't glucuronidate chloramphenicol, 40% died |
|
|
Which drug can cause gray baby syndrome?
|
Chloramphenicol
|
