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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Urine is __% water and __% solutes.
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95% water and 5% solutes
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What are 5 factors that can cause the composition of urine to vary?
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1. diet 2. activity 3. metabolism 4. endocrine 5. body position
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What is the biggest/major organic solute of urine?
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urea
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What are 2 other organic solutes of urine?
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uric acid, creatinine
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What is urea?
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Protein and amino acid breakdown
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Name 3 inorganic components of urine?
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chloride, sodium, potassium
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Diets vary, which makes it hard to establish __ values for urine.
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normal
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Urine volume is determined by the body's state of __.
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hydration
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Normal range of urine output for a healthy person is about __ to __ mL per day.
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600-2000
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Low urine output is less than __ mL/day and is called __.
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<400 oliguria
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What are some common causes of oliguria?
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diarrhea, vomiting, perspiration, severe burns
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No urine output is called __.
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anuria
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What are some causes of anuria?
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1. Severe kidney damage 2. blockage 3. decreased renal blood flow
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Increased urine output at night is called __.
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nocturia
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Nocturia usually means __ to __ times the urine output at night than during the day.
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2 to 3 times
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Excessive urine excretion is called __.
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polyuria
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Polyuria means that a patient is excreting how much urine each day?
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>2.5 L/day
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Two causes of polyuria are __ __ and __ __.
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diabetes insipidous and diabetes mellitus
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Polyuria in diabetes insipidous is caused by decreased production of __.
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ADH
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Decreased ADH production in diabetes insipidous decreases water __ in the kidneys.
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reabsorption
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Urine from a patient with diabetes insipidous will dilute with a low __ __.
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specific gravity
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The need to excrete extra glucose that has not been reabsorbed in the form of urine describes what kind diabetic condition?
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diabetes mellitus
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Patients with diabetes mellitus excrete dilute urine with a high __ __.
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specific gravity
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Patients with diabetes insipidous and diabetes mellitus both urinate and drink a lot, a condition called __.
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polydypsia
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Minimum amount of urine recommended for urinalysis is __ mL.
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10
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What 4 things should printed on the specimen cup for urinalysis?
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1. name 2. ID # 3. date 4. time
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Urine obtained with a catheter for the purpose of testing is called __ urine.
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catherized
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Urine obtained from someone who can't urinate on their own by means of a catheter from their home is called __-__ __ urine.
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in-dwelling catheter
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If a urine specimen arrives without the cap on tight, what notation should be made about it?
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specimen leaking or lid off
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What does QNS mean?
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quantity not sufficient
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Urine specimens need to be in the lab within __ __ of collection or they will be rejected.
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2 hours
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If testing of specimen is to be delayed, it should be preserved through __.
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refrigeration
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Even if the specimen has been preserved through refrigeration, all specimens must be tested at __ temperature.
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room
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen color?
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Darker
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen clarity?
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Decreased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen odor?
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Increased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen pH?
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Increased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen glucose?
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Decreased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen ketones?
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Decreased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen bilirubin?
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Decreased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen urobilinogen?
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Decreased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen nitrite?
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Increased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen blood cells and casts?
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Decreased
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If urinalysis is delayed, what effect will this have on specimen bacteria?
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Increased
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A postpandial specimen is one that is to be collected after a __.
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meal
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Obtaining a urine specimen via a needle into the bladder is called __ __.
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suprapubic aspiration
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For legal cases, you must never mess up the __ of custody!
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chain
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