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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is phase 0 of the action potential?
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rapid depolarization
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what is phase 1 of the action potential?
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depolarization "overshoot"
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what is phase 2 of the action potential?
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plateau
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what is phase 3 of the action potential?
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repolarization
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what is phase 4 of the action potential?
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intrinsic depolarization
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what will phase 0 be due to in nodal tissue?
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calcium and sodium
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what will phase 1 be due to in nodal tissue?
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sodium channel
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what will phase 2 be due to in nodal tissue?
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calcium channel
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what will phase 3 be due to in nodal tissue?
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potassium
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what will phase 4 be due to in nodal tissue?
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sodium leak
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what will phase 0 be due to in myocardium?
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sodium
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what will phase 1 be due to in myocardium?
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sodium channel closing
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what will phase 2 be due to in myocardium?
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calcium channel opening
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what will phase 3 be due to in myocardium?
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potassium
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what will phase 4 be due to in myocardium?
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sodium leak
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what are class 1 drugs?
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sodium channel blockers
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how will class 1 drugs work?
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they slow the rate of phase 0 depolarization spike and thus reduce conduction velocity in atria and ventricles
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do class 1A drugs prolong or shorten AP duration?
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prolong
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which class 1A drug is not effective for a ventricular arrhythmia?
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disopyramide
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what are 3 class 1A drugs?
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quinidine
procainamide disopyramide |
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what is a side effect of procainamide?
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almost universal lupus
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what is a side effect of disopyramide?
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decreased contractility and urinary retention
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will class 1B drugs prolong or shorten AP duration?
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shorten
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which drug is more effective for ventricular arrhythmias?
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class 1B
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what are 4 class 1B drugs?
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lidocaine
tocainamide meiletine dilantin |
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what is a side effect of lidocaine?
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CNS dysfunction
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will class 1C drugs prolong or shorten AP duration?
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prolong
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what is a major side effect of class IC drugs?
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proarrhythmic
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what are 3 class IC drugs?
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flecainide
propaphenone dofetilide |
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what are class 2 drugs?
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beta blockers
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what is the primary use of class 2 drugs?
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to slow AV node conduction in the presence of supraventricular rhythm disturbance
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what are 2 cardioselective beta blockers?
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atenolol
metoprolol |
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what are 3 non cadrioselective beta blockers?
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propranolol
timolol carvedelol |
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what are class 3 drugs?
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potassium channel blockers
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what is the most potent antiarrhythmic drug and why?
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class 3 because they are effective for all rhythm disturbances
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what do class 3 drugs also include? (3)
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beta blocker
calcium channel blocker sodium channel blocker |
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what drug may be useful for patients with LV dysfunction?
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amiodorone
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what are 3 class 3 drugs?
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amiodorone
sotolol dronedarone |
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what are 4 side effects of amiodarone?
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hepatotoxicity
thyroid balance corneal deposits irreversible pulmonary fibrosis |
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what drug will be nearly as effective for all types of arrhythmia as amiodorone?
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sotolol
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what is one + and one - of dronedarone?
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much shorter half life than amiodarone
only 60% as effective as amiodarone |
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what is the half life of amiodarone?
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40 days
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what are 3 side effects of sotolol?
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proarrhythmia
bronchospasm worsening heart failure |
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what are class 4 drugs?
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calcium channel blockers
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what do class 4 drugs not affect?
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phase 2 plateau
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what are class 4 drugs most effective for?
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slowing conduction velocity in nodal tissues
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what are class 4 drugs useful for?
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control of ventricular rate when in SVT arrhythmias
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what is dihydropyrimidines a subset of?
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calcium channel blockers
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what are 3 side effects of class 4 drugs?
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edema
orthostatic hypotension reflex tachycardia |
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what are 2 calcium channel blockers?
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diltiazem
verapamil |
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what are 3 specific side effects of verapamil/diltiazem?
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moderate reduction in LV contractility
bradycardia hypotension |
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how does digoxin work and what is it useful for?
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stimulates vagal tone therefore it will affect rhythms through the AV node
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what does adenosine do?
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directly slows AV node conduction
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