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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the vector for Loa Loa?
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Deer Fly - Chrysops spp.
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Adults of Loa Loa live where?
Microfilariae of Loa Loa live where? |
Adults: SQ tissue
Mf: blood |
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Where is Loa Loa found?
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West and central Africa
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Clinical manifestations of Loa Loa?
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Calabar Swellings (angioedema) duration of 1-4 days
eye worm Complications: endomyocardial fibrosis, renal disease, encephalopathy, entrapment neuropathy |
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How do you diagnosis Loa Loa?
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detection of MF (sheathed and terminal nuclei) in daytime blood
ID of adult worm in eye or SQ tissue PCR |
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What concentration techniques are available for the diagnosis of Loa Loa?
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knotts
saponin lysis nuclepore filtration |
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How do you treat Loa Loa?
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DEC : x 21 days
Corticosteroids Apheresis |
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Loa Loa in travelers tend to need how many treatment courses for improvement?
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>3
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What is PLERM?
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P: Possible
L: L. loa E: Encephalapothy R: related to treatment with M: Mectizan occurance of encephalapothy in a previously healthy individual without detectable etiology onset within 7 d of treatment with progression to coma without remission |
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Vector that transmits Onchocerciasis?
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Black fly of Simulium damnosum
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Clinical manifestations of Onchocerciasis?
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onchodermitis: leopard skin
scratching onchocercomata anterior chamber of eye problems ---- first stage is punctate keratitis sclerosing keratitis hanging groin lymphadema (rare) |
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Onchocerciasis in returned visitors more likely presents like?
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extended exposure usually required (month)
interval between exposure and onset of symptoms may be prolonged skin findings are common eosinophil count and IgE levels elevated skin snips may be negative and required further testing (mazzotti test, filarial serology) |
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Diagnosis of Onchocerciasis?
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Skins snips-take from shoulders (6)
DEC patch antibody detection antigen detection--working on this PCR |
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Three goals of therapy for onchocerciasis?
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1. prevent blindness and other ocular complications
2. ameliorate skin disease 3. interruption of transmission if used with community directed treatment |
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What and how is doxycycline used when onchocerciasis is present?
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Targets intracelluar rickettsial like bacteria of the wolbachia genus
macrofilaricdal in onchocerciasis length of treatment is 6 weeks |
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What is the most common symptom of lymphatic filariasis?
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asymptomatic microfilaria
they act as the reservoir for ongoing transmission |
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Acute symptom of lymphatic filariasis?
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Filarial adenolymphangitis
retrograde swelling |
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What clinical symptom do you see most often with W. bancrofti?
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hydrocele and genital swelling
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Clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis?
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skin changes that lead to elephantiasis
tropical pulmonary eosinophilia |
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What symptoms present with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?
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paroxysmal nocturnal asthma
pulmonary infiltrates peripheral blood eosinophilia >3000 marked elevation of serum IgE rapid response to anti-filarial chemotherapy |
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What diagnostic procedure can be helpful in diagnosing lymphatic filarial disease?
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filarial dance sign from ultrasound of scrotum
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How long does it take for mf to adjust to time zone change in lymphatic filariasis?
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2 weeks
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What can you use to diagnose lymphatic filariasis?
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filarial dance sign in ultrasound
blood draw AT NIGHT for mf rapid diagnostic tests (ICT Filariasis) which doesn't require a certain time to draw blood!! |
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Five goals of lymphatic filariasis therapy?
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1. Asymptomatic microfilaremia (interrupt transmission)
2. Amicrofilaremic adult worm carriers (prevent lymphatic damage) 3. Adenolymphangitis (prevent irreversable lymphatic damage) 4. Chronic manifestations (reverse or stabalize) 5. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (cure and prevention of pulmonary fibrosis) |
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Which medications can be used to treat for lymphatic filariasis?
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DEC (kills all)
Ivermectin (kills mf only) Albendazole (kills adult only) Doxycycline/tetracycline (kills intracellular rickettsial like bacteria of the wolbachia genus) treatment for 4-6 weeks |
