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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are three possible reasons you want to prevent clotting?
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1. Lab testing
2. Transfusions 3. Hypercoagulable treatment |
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What are two types of calcium chelators? What are they used for?
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EDTA - hematologic evaluation
Citrate - coagulation testing, stored blood for transfusion |
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What is the MoA of Heparin?
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1. Binds and activates antithrombin - inactivates thrombin
2. Some effect on platelets |
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What are three indications for Heparin use?
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1. Prophylaxis - cats with cardiomyopathy, IMHA
2. Documented thrombosis - following thrombolytics, initial treatment until long term agent is started 3. DIC (?) |
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What are three side effects of Heparin use?
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1. Hemorrhage
2. Thrombocytopenia (people) 3. Muscle necrosis (at injection site) |
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How would you detect hemorrhage in a patient that is on Heparin? What is the antidote?
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Monitor PTT
Antidote = Protamine sulfate |
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What are some advantages of Low Molecular Weight Heparin compared to Heparin?
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1. Target factor X instead of thrombin - more subtle anticoagulant
2. Smaller binding site required 3. Longer half-life - predictable clearance |
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What are the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors?
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II, VII, IX, X, protein C, protein S
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Name 3 Coumadin derivatives.
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1. Warfarin
2. Brodifacoum 3. Bromadiolone |
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What are 2 important relationships of coumadin derivatives with the liver?
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1. Circulates tightly bound to albumin - increase free form in hypoalbuminemia
2. Metabolized by the liver - cytochrom p450 - liver disease/failure possible |
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Name 5 drugs that can decrease liver metabolism.
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1. Barbituates
2. Corticosteroids 3. Spironolactone 4. Sucralfate 5. Vitamin K |
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Name drugs that can increase liver metabolism.
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1. Cimetidine
2. Amiodarone 3. TMS 4. Erythromycin 5. Ketoprofen 6. Metronidazole 7. Neomycin |
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What is the therapeutic use of warfarin?
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Long term anticoagulant (35hr half-life)
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What is the MoA of NSAIDs?
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Acetylation of cyclooxygenase
Irreversible inhibition of platelet activity (TXA2) |
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What are two uses of NSAIDs in veterinary medicine (anticoagulant)?
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1. prophylaxis in hypercoagulable states
2. cats w/ HCM |
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What are 2 side effects of NSAID use?
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1. GI bleeding - reduced PGE2
2. Decompensated renal failure |
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What is the MoA of Clopidogrel?
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1. Binds to ADP receptor - inhibits platelet aggregation
2. Reduces serotonin release 3. Inhibits GpIIb/IIIa receptor activation |
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What is platelet mapping? What is complete inhibition?
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Measure of platelet inhibition secondary to anti-platelet therapy (% inhibition)
>70% inhibition = complete inhibition |
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What is PFA-100 used for?
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To detect platelet dysfunction
Measures platelet plug formation Reports closure time in 5-8 minutes Can be used to assess platelet dysfunction due to the effect of aspirin |
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What is the MoA of Abciximab, Tirofiban, Eptifibatide?
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GPIIbIIIa antagonists - block platelet-fibrinogen binding (final pathway for platelet aggregation)
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What are the side effects of Eptifibatide?
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Toxic reaction in cats
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What is the MoA of Streptokinase?
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Forms complex with plasminogen - activates plasminogen to plasmin (breaks down fibrin)
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How is Streptokinase administered? What is it used for?
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CRI - IV only!
Feline aortic thromboembolism |
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What is the MoA of Urokinase? What is it used for?
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Directly activates plasminogen
Used for PTE, saddle thrombus |
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What are side effects of thrombolytics?
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Bleeding - at catheter site, internal
Reactions - fever, allergic |
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What is the MoA of t-PA?
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Activates plasmin
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