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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sites of fetal hematopoiesis
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Yolk sac
Liver Spleen Bone marrow |
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Sites of postnatal hematopoiesis
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Bone marrow: major
Spleen: extramedullary |
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in adulthood active marrow is where
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bones of axial skeleton: flat bones, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, pelvic bones
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Stem cells
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cells that have the ability of self-renewal and the ability to produce differentiated daughter cells
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Burst Forming Unit
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A cell lineage that displasy a rapid growth pattern
BFU's appear before CFU's |
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Colony forming unit
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committed cell lineage that includes erythroid, magakaryocytic, granulocte-monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil
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Mulitpotent stem cells
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CD 34+
unlimited capacity for self-renewal |
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Pluripotential stem cells
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CD 34+and CD 38+
precursors for granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte/macrophage and megakaryocyte |
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General hematopoietic schemes
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multipotential - pluripotential - precursor stem cell, terminially differentiated cell
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CFU-L series
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lymphoblasts - prolymphocytes - lymphocytes (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells)
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Platelets
CFU - GEMM |
CFU- GEMM - BFU - Meg - CFU - magakaryoblast - megakaryocyte - platelets
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Granulocyte and monocyte
CFU |
CFU-GM to CFU - G to myeloblast to promyelocyte to myeloctye to metamyeloctye to brand to segmented cell
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Erthryoid CFU series
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CFU GEMM to BFU -E to CFU - E to Rubriblast to prorubricyte to rubricyte to metarubricyte to reticulocyte to erythrocyte
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Granulocytopoiesis
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Myeloblast to promyelocyte to myelocyte to metamyelocyte to band to segmented
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Bone marrow mitotic pool contains what granulocyte cells
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myeloblasts, promyelocyte, and myelocyte
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Bone marrow storage pool contains what cells
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metamyelocyte to band to segmented cell
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extramedullary hematopoiesis
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hematopoiesis that occurs outsiddethe bone marrow - in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus (lymphocytes) and liver
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how long does it take for a megakaryoblast to release platelets
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4 -5 days
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Erythropoiesis steps
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Rubriblast, prorubricyte to rubricyte, to metarubricyte to reticulocyte to erythrocyte
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What stage of erythropoiesis is the last to be capable of cellulr division
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rubricyte
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What is the last nucleated stage of erythropoiesis?
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metarubricyte
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whent the metarubricyte extrudes its nucleus it becomes a
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reticulocyte
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what are the proportions of each stage of erythropoiesis?
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80 - 90 % rubricyte and metarubricyte
10 % should be prorubricytes and rubriblasts |
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What is the major growth factor that regulates erythropoiesis?
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erythropoietin
produced in kidney in response to hypoxia, |
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What growth factors regulate granulopoiesis?
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Interleukin - 3
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) |
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Pancytopenia
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anemia + leukopenia + thrombocytopenia
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Reasons to evaluate bone marrow
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low numbers of cells
high numbers of cells abnormal cells suspicion of neoplasia or metastasis suspicion of systemic infection assessment of iron stores |
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Bone marrow aspirates assess what?
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Cellular morphology
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Bone marrow biopsy assesses what?
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overall cellularity
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Increased cellularity or hypercellularity of bone marrow indicates what?
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hyperplasia, leukemia, or myelodysplasia
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Leukemia is
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a non-physiologic uncontrolled disorderly porduction of one or more cell lineages independent of demand
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Bone marrow hyperplasia is
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an orderly increase in production of normal cells in response to an increased demand
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Bone marrow myelodysplaisa is
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a marrow disorder characterized by maturation defects, abnormal morpholgy in several cell lines, and ineffective hematopoiesis.
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Bone marrow hypoplasia
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75 % of the marrow sample from an adult animal is composed of fat.
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Myelofibrosis is
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the replaacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue
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Causes for neutrophilia
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physiologic: epinephrine
Corticosteroids Inflammation hemorrhage Hemolysis chemical drug, toxins malignancy, leukemia leukosyte adhesion defiencies |
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Causes for neutropenia
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overwhelming demand: severe acute bacterial infection
immune-meidate reduced production: bracken ferm, chemo, durg reaction, estrogen granulpoiesis, myelophthisis |
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Causes for lymphocytosis
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young animals
physiologic:epinephrine antigenic stimulation nonneoplastic manifestiation of blv lymphocytic leukemia |
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Causes lymphopenia
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coricosteroids
acute systemic infection immunosuppressive drugs loss of lymphatic fluid hereditary immunodeficiency combined T and B cell SCID |
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Monocytosis
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corticoseteroids
inflammation |
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Eosinophilia
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parastitism
Fungal infections Hypersensitivity Malignancy Hypereosinophlic syndromes |
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Eosinopenia
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Corticosteroids: endogenous or exogenous
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Basophilia
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eosinophilia
basophilic leukemia |
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Bone marrow disorders can results from
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hypoplasia due to drugs or toxins, infections, or immun e-mediated disease targeting stem cells,
myelophthisis |
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With myelophthisis you would expect a ____ bone marrow
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hypercellular bone marrow with abnormal population of cells.
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reactive lymphocytes can occur with
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chronic antigenic stimulation, infectious organism
neoplasia immune mediated disease |
