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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do the genetic causes of hypercoaguability cause an increased risk of?
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venous thrombosis
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what is the only cause of hypercoaguability that causes both venous and arterial risk of thrombosis?
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hyperhomocysteinemia
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what is the most impt cause of acquired hypercoabuability in females?
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birth control
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what risk factor for acquired hypercoaguability can resulti n multiple spontaneous abortions and stroke?
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lupus anticoagulant
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what is hyperhomocystemia secondary to?
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deficiency of folate, b12, and/or b6 deficiency
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what is hyperviscosity of blood assoc with?
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WBC malignancy and sickle cell
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what is heparin used to prevent?
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DVT and PTE by keeping blood anticoagulated
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what must be obtained after IV hep is started?
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aPTT, PT and INR
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what shoudl aPTT be w/i 24 hours of IV hep
what should aPTT maintained at? |
1.5 x the upper limit (54 seconds)
maintained at 54-90 seconds |
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why is aPTT monitored with heparin use?
what is an impt drug that is more effective than LMWH with prevention of orthopedic thrombosis (does not cause HIT) |
hep affects clotting factors in intrinsic pathway
drug better than LWMH is fondaparinux |
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what is a more venous complication of thrombotic disorders?
what is a major arterial complication? |
venous=DVT
arterial=MI and stroke |
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what are possible treatment options for thrombotic disorders?
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1. acute anticoagulant therapy(heparin, LMWH)
2. chronic oral therapy(warfarin) 3. antiplatelet(ASA and Plavix) |
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what factors does heparin inactivate?
what factor does LMWH hep inactivate? |
XI, X, XI and XII
X (common pathway) |
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what are indications to use LMWH?
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1. recurrent TE unresponsive to oral anticoagulant
2. high risk surgical patiens 3. PREGNANT women 4. chronic DIC |
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how does warfarin prevent clotting?
when is use of warfarin contraindicated? |
induce a state of vit K deficiency
K is needed for X, IX, VII, II Hep contraindicated in pregnancy |
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what is the oldest antiplatelet therapy?
how does it prevent clotting? |
ASA
it irreversible inactivates cyclooxygenase enzyme in platelets and also blocks thromboxane A2 production for arachidonic acid |
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what drug is a glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitor that blocks ADP dependent platelet aggreagation?
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Plavix (clopidogrel)
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when is warfarin therapy started?
when is heparin therapy DIScontinued? |
at same time as IV heparin
hep stopped when INR is in therapeutic range for 2 days |
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what reverses the effect of Heparin?
what reverses emergent overdose of warfarin? what reverses a non emergent overdose of warfarin? |
hep=protamine sulfate
emergent warfarin=Fresh Frozen Plasma non emergent warfarin=Vit K (will take 8-12 hours) |
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what are complications of Heparin use?
when does this complication become life and limb threatening? |
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia when antibodies cause platelets to clump (MONITOR PLATELETS CLOSELY IF ON HEP)
becomes life and limb threatening after 4 days (must be tx'd w/i 48 hours to reverse effects) |
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what are some possible complications of ASA?
what is a complication to consider with Plavix? |
* GI hemorrhage and irritation
*hypersensitivity can induce asthma and rhinitis Plavix=TTP (less than with ticlopid) |
