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91 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Candidiasis |
vaginal: fluconazole intertrigo: topical clotrimazole and keep dry fungemia/endocarditis: amphotericin B oral thrush: nystatin swish and swallow esophageal: fluconazole PO |
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Cryptococcosis |
Amphotericin B + Flucytosine x2 weeks followed by fluconazole x 10wks |
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histoplasmosis |
itraconazole (mild to moderate) amphotericin B (severe or itraconazole failure) |
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Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) |
trimethoprim Bactrim add prednisone if O2 sat <80% |
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Varicella |
supportive, drying agents |
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Herpes Zoster |
Acyclovir |
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Measles |
supportive avoid light to prevent retinal damage MMR vaccine |
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Rubella (German measles) |
supportive treatment MMR vaccine |
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Roseola |
supportive |
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Rabies |
post exposure prophylaxis- HDCV (rabies vaccine) on days 0, 3. 7, 14, and 28 |
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Mumps |
supportive Pts are contagious for up to 9 days after initial onset MMR vaccine |
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Influenza |
supportive tamiflu Prevention: vaccine, hand washing, cover cough |
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Human papilloma Virus |
Imiquimod podofilox HPV vaccine |
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HIV |
HAART (Highly active anti-retroviral therapy) |
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Herpes Simplex |
antivirals (-cyclovir) |
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Erythema Infectiosum |
supportive (clears in 14 days or less) |
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Epstein-Barr Virus |
supportive avoid trauma |
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cytomegalovirus |
ganciclovir |
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Syphilis |
mega doses of Penicillin G |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
Doxycycline Chloramphenicoll |
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Lyme disease |
Doxycycline > 8 y/o Amoxicillin < 8 y/o Ceftriaxone for more severe cases |
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Toxoplasmosis |
Sulfadiazene + pyrimethamine |
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Pinworms |
Mebendazole (repeat in 2 weeks) Pyrantel (2nd line and not used in children <2) treat close contacts and launder bedding |
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malaria |
chloroquine atovaquone (with doxycycline or clindamycin) if multi drug resistant area prophylaxis for travelers |
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hookworms |
mebendazole |
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amebiasis |
metronidazole (**can cause violent vomiting if they drink alcohol) paromomycin for cysts drain abscess |
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Myobacterium Avium Complex |
clarithromycin + ethambutol for at least 12mo |
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Tuberculosis |
Latent: isoniazid (INH) for 9 mo (don't drink with alcohol) Active: RIPE (Rifampin, INH, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) |
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tetanus |
metronidazole or PCN G + tetanus immune globulin diazepam to reduce spasms vaccinate every 10yrs (Td) |
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Shigella |
adults: fluoroquinolones Children: azithromycin or bactrim |
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Salmonella |
levaquin (fluoroquinolones) or ceftriaxone if severe disease |
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gonorrha |
Ceftriaxone (125mg IM) Defixime Treat for chlamydia (Azithromycin) |
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diptheria |
diptheria antitoxin + erythromycin or PCN for 2weeks secure airway vaccinate |
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cholera |
rehydration (ORT or IV fluids) azithromycin decreases duration 2 vaccines for high risk populations |
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chlamydia |
azithromycin (1 dose) or doxycycline treat for gonorrhea treat all partners retest in 3wks to ensure clearance of the organism |
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botulism |
antitoxins immunoglobulin respiratory support secure ABC's |
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Otitis Externa |
keep dry; don't use hearing aids/headphones Otic drops 4-5x a day (ciprodex) -bactroban: anti-fungal and anti-bacterial thorough debridemennt wick placement if necessary oral antibiotics if necessary |
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Otitis Media |
60% of cases resolve w/i 24hrs spontaneously antibiotics for 7-10days if child is <6mos give meds if >6mos, wait and watch |
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Otitis Media with Effusion |
observation frequent auto-insufflation manage nasal congestion |
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Tympanic Membrane Perforation |
start otic drops (floxin or ciprodex) counsel on dry ear precautions refer to ENT |
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mastoiditis |
tympanocentesis to obtain a culture IV antibiotics wide field myringotomy with insertion tube tympanomastoidectomy if no response to other treatments |
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tinitus |
THERE IS NO CURE check meds or possible cause try masking techniques, smoking and caffeine cessation, hearing aids, benzodiazepines, TCAs, lipoflavinoids |
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Vertigo |
Eplei maneuver for BPPV safety: avoid heights, driving, etc. Acute vestibular suppression (meclizine, diazepam, phenergan) - short term use only Vestibular rehab (PT referal) |
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Menieere's Disease |
avoid fluid ***** by restricing salt, alcohol, and caffeine diuretics (HCTZ) Diazepam and corticosteroids (for acute attacks) stress reduction surgical mangement |
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rhinitis |
nasal decongestion (steroid spray) oral histamines nasal anticholinergics nasal saline irrigations |
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rhinosinusitis |
symptomatic relief: -analgesics -nasal saline irrigation -nasal steroids -topical decongestants -mucolytics |
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nasal polyps |
nasal steroid spray oral steroids polypectomy manage allergies if that is the underlying cause |
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epistaxis |
afrin for vasoconstriction have pt hold pressure for at least 10min while sitting upright while tilted foward |
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acute viral pharyngitis |
supportive droplet precautions |
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acute bacterial pharyngitis |
supportive antibiotics |
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scarlet fever |
antibiotics oral hygiene rest hydration |
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peritonsillar abscess |
admit to hospital! needle aspiration I &D IV antibiotic |
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acute laryngitis |
hydration voice rest (no whispering or yelling) smoking cessation Abx if suspect secondary bacterial infection |
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epiglotitis |
secure airway IV abx and steroids x 7-10 days |
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croup |
assess airway humidified oxygen IV fluids nebulized racemic EPI |
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infectious mononucleosis |
supportive: -acetominophen -NSAIDs -hydration -rest avoid abx |
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aphthous ulcer |
observatioiin: should resolve in 1-2wks avoid irritant, reduce stress, topical corticosteroids |
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oral herpes simplex |
NO CURE typically resolves after 1-2wks antivirals can help reduce symptoms and frequency of outbreaks |
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oral candidiasis |
nystatin swish and swallow counsel on good oral hygiene |
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oral leukoplakia |
MUST REFER TO ENT surgical excision or cryotherapy ablation |
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sialadenitis |
rehydration warm compress firm massage abx consider imaging with CT or ultrasound if no improvement within 2wks |
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dental abscess |
antibiotics dental referral |
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blepharitis |
topical: -abx -glucocorticoids oral: -tetracycline -doxycycline -EES |
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blowout fracture |
REFER! cephalexin orally simple blowout: ice, decongestants, avoid nose-blowing, oral steroid |
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cataract |
early cataract: new glasses advanced: surgery |
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chalazion |
warm compress; if persists, refer for I&D |
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viral conjunctivitis |
symptomatic: -antihistamines -antivirals -cold compress (sanitize after each use) ophthalmic sulfanoamides to prevent secondary bacteral infection |
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bacterial conjunctivitis |
ophthalmic abx -ointments preferred for children quit using contacts |
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chlamydial conjunctivitis |
ophthalmic abx quit using contacts |
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noninfectious conjunctivitis |
artificial tears OTC topical and oral antihistamines cool compress |
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corneal abrasion |
any pt with hyphema or hypopon in the anterior chamber --> REFER! topical abx patching pain control |
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corneal ulcer |
depends on the cause, but start treatment immediately to avoid corneal scarring if unknown cause: abx |
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dacryoadenitis |
acute: -self-limiting -supportive -warm compress -anti-inflammations -bacterial: oral cephalosporins chronic: -refer to ophtalmologist |
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dacryocystitis |
acute: systemic Abx chronic: may require surgery |
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ectropion |
surgery |
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entropion |
surgery or botulinum toxin |
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foreign body |
evaluate visual acuity first sterile irrigation inspect for corneal perforation REFER |
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open-angle glaucoma |
topical therapy: beta blockers possible laser surgery |
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closed-angle glaucoma |
REFER! within one hour of presentation. EMERGENCY |
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hordeolum |
warm compress topical broad spectrum abx to margin of eyelid after proper cleansing |
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hyphema |
pt must be seen by ophthalmology daily NO ASA or other anticoagulants treat to prevent blindness |
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inflamed pingueculum |
preventable by wearing sunglasses and supplemental tears |
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macular degeneration |
wet: -laser coagulation with meds that stops are reverses growth of blood vessels |
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orbital cellulitis |
immediate IV abx surgical and OPHTH consults advised treat underlying condition |
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papilledema |
treat underlying cause |
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pterygium |
nonsurgical: -topical lubricants -avoid decongestants, NSAIDs, and steroids surgical: -excision (corrects astigmatism) |
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retinal detachment |
transport pt to ER with head supine and facing origin of tear |
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retinal vascular occlusion |
lay pt flat and transfer immediately evaluate for carotid causes of emboli |
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DM retinopathy |
control diabetes, HTN, and/or hyperlipidemia |
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HTN retinopathy |
control HTN |
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strabismus |
surgery must treat because it can lead to amblyopia |
