Clin Med Ch 6 7

Front 1

Messenger RNA

Back 1

Form a template for protein synthesis

Front 2

Transfer RNA

Back 2

Deliver the activated form of amino acids to protein molecules in the ribosomes

Front 3

Ribosomal RNA

Back 3

Involves the physical structure in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place

Front 4

Induction

Back 4

an important process by which a gene expression is Increased

Front 5

Repression

Back 5

a process by which a regulatory gene acts to reduce or prevent gene expression

Front 6

Gene Expression

Back 6

the degree to which a gene or particular groups of genes are active

Front 7

Structural Genes

Back 7

Specify the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain

Front 8

Regulatory Genes

Back 8

serve as a regulatory fxn without stipulating the structure of protein molecules

Front 9

Operon

Back 9

formed by a sequence of genes controlling the regulation of protein synthesis

Front 10

Sporadic Mutation

Back 10

Mutation occur throughout a person's life

Front 11

Hereditary Mutation

Back 11

individual is born having a mutation in one gene copy

Front 12

Cytogenetics

Back 12

study of structure and numeric characteristic of cell's chromosomes

Front 13

Karyotyping

Back 13

evaluating cytogenetics

Front 14

Mitosis

Back 14

Somatic cells, creates chromosomes, each daughter cell receives a pir of 23 chromosomes

Front 15

Meiosis

Back 15

Germ cells, forms gametes, single set of 23 chromosomes

Front 16

Allele

Back 16

forms of a single gene

Front 17

Locus

Back 17

Position of a given gene occupies on a chromosome

Front 18

Barr Body

Back 18

inactive chromatin mass of X chromosome

Front 19

Geneotype

Back 19

genetic status

Front 20

Phenotype

Back 20

physical presentation

Front 21

Variable Expressivity

Back 21

a given genotype that causes a physical presentation that differs from person to person

Front 22

Penetrance

Back 22

a given genotype that does not always result in the condition

Front 23

homozygous allel

Back 23

in given individual the status that both allele copies are identical

Front 24

Heterozygous Allele

Back 24

in a given individual, the alleles differ from one to the other copy

Front 25

Recessive Trait

Back 25

a phenotype expressed only when homozygous for a genotype

Front 26

Dominant Trait

Back 26

a phenotype expressed when heterozygous or homozygous for a genotype

Front 27

Carrier

Back 27

individual who is heterozygous for a recessive gene

Front 28

Pedigree

Back 28

graphic method of portraying a family history of an inherited trait

Front 29

Genetic Maps

Back 29

Determined using linkage studies to estimate distance between given genes (% likelihood recombination will occur between these two loci from one generation to the next)

Front 30

Physical Maps

Back 30

Measure the actual distance between chromosomal elements in biochemical units

Front 31

Linkage Studies

Back 31

Determine in the relative distance between two genes on a given chromosome

Front 32

Dosage Studies

Back 32

measurement of enzyme activity or expression

Front 33

Hybridization Studies

Back 33

use single strands of DNA or Rna to locate the presence of genes, that don't express themselves in cell culture

Front 34

Gene Therapy

Back 34

uses transferred genes to replace defective genes or selectively inhibit deleterious genes

Front 35

DNA Fingerprinting

Back 35

Identifies subtle genetic variations that greatly differ from person to person

Front 36

Autosomal Dominant

Back 36

Inheritance of a single mutation results in a given condition

Front 37

Autosomal Recessive

Back 37

Inheritance of a single mutation from each parent results in a given condition

Front 38

X-Linked

Back 38

Inheritance limited to the inheritance of the affected X chromosome