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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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__'s is inadequate adrenocorticoids, hypo function of the adrenal cortex.
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Addison's disease
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A pt. with increased K+, and decreased Na has...
-Addison's disease -Cushing's syndrome |
Addison's disease
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Cushing's disease is __ dependent.
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ACTH
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__is an excess of cortisol
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Cushing's syndrome
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A pt. presents with dec.K+, incre. NA, htn, inc. aldosterone, low renin, low K+, and inc. sodium...
what is it? -addison's disease -cushing's syndrome -primary aldosteronism |
primary aldosteronism
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What disease is known as the 10% disease?
-addisons -cushings -pheochromocytoma |
pheochromacytoma
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Pheochromocytoma results from a tumor in the adrenal __.
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medulla
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Excessive amounts of adrenalin is found in which condition?
addisons cushings pheo |
pheo
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What hormone is responsible for muscle contraction of the uterus and milk production?
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oxytocin
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In obese pt, what will their OGTT, insulin level, and insulin sensitivity tell you?
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they will have a normal OGTT, slightly increased insulin level and insulin sensitivity will be slightly decreased.
Inc. insulin necessary to maintain nml bld sugar |
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What will a markedly elevated OGTT show you and where would you expect the late diabetes pt's insulin level, and insulin sensitivity?
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with late diabetes and high OGTT, the pt's insulin level will be very low with very high insulin sensitivity.
Final loss of insulin production worsens blood sugar |
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What are the 4 stages of DM?
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Obese
IGT Early diabetes late diabetes |
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What is a specific glycohemoglobin that is an adduct of glucose attached to the beta chain terminal valine residue.
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hbg A1c
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What is the target hgb a1c in normal pts?
diabetic pts? |
<6 in normal
<7 in diabetic patients |
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__ is the name given to any situation where "ketone bodies" accumulate in the blood and are then partly breathed out.
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ketosis
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Which of the following hormones does not have effects on blood sugar?
-insulin -glucagon -cortisol -epinephrine |
cortisol got nothin to do with it.
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When the liver makes alternative fuels, or ketones from fats..this is called?
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ketogenesis
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What are the hormone signals for the process of ketogenesis?
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low insulin levels
high glucagon and epi levels |
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__Production is a normal adaptation to starvation...is?
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ketone
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Why doesn't a pt. get too high ketone levels? What prevents it?
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because the production is regulated by just the right bablance of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones.
*Excess ketones in type 1 DM can be life-threatening |
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Ketoacidosis typically occurs in which type of diabetes?
Type 1 Type 2 |
usually type 1, rarely type 2
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DKA typically occurs in which type of diabetes?
Type 1 Type 2 |
usually type 1, rarely type 2
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The ADA says which testing is more accurate in the diagnosis of ketoacidosis?
-urine ketones -blood ketones |
blood ketone
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What is a normal serum ketone level?
-< 0.6 -0.6-1.5 -> 1.5 |
< 0.6 mmol/L
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What is the #1 precipitant of DKA?
-trauma -infection -starvation -noncompliance |
infection
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What must you give a DKA pt as soon as you diagnose them?
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a shit ton of IVF.
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What are the 3 P's of DKA?
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polyuria
polydipsia polyphagia |
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What is an iatrogenic cause of DKA?
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glucocorticoids use
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What are some intra-abdominal causes of DKA?
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pancreatitis, cholecystitis, ischemia bowel
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If a pt is dehydrated,what will there vital signs look like?
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tachycardic
hypotensive |
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What type of respirations will a pt with DKA have and why?
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Kussmauls deep breathing due to metabolic acidosis
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extreme hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes that presents like DKA is what?
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HHNS-hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
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__ presents with basically the same signs as DKA.
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HHNS-hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
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What will you find on lab values in a DKA that you will not find in a HHNS pt?
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metabolic acidosis
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