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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a rain shadow?
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an area where very little rainfall occurs on the leeward side of a mountain.
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The top layer called the ___________ has super high temperatures due to ________
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Thermosphere, x-rays
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What is stream discharge?
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the amount of water passing a given point in a stream in a certain period of time.
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What is humid?
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If the total annual precipitation is greaer than the potential evapotranspiration.
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What is arid?
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If the total annual precipitation is less than the potential evapotranspiration.
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what three things can Insolation (incoming solar radiation)do when it enters the atmosphere?
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absorbed, reflected, and scattered
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Most absobtion of ultraviolet and infared radiation takes place where?
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stratosphere and troposphere
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What are aerosols
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water droplets, ice crystals, air polutants, amd dust
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What is potential evapotranspiration?
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the amount of water that would evaporate or transpire if the water were available.
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What is a water budget?
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a monthly account of what happens to the water in a particular location over the course of a year.
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Potential evapotranspiration is highest in the ________ whan the temperatures are ___________.
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summer, higest
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What is the most important factor affecting climate patterns? why?
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latitude, because it because latitude influences temperature patterns.
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What is base flow?
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During dry periods, when the amount of runoff diminishes, a base flow is when a stram takes water from the ground water supply thus lowering the water table.
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Which heats up and cools down faster: land or water? why?
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land heats and cools faster because water has a much higher spacific heat than land
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What would happen if the amount of carbon dioxide in the air was increased?
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the earths temperature would rise and eventually the ice caps would melt flooding costal cities world wide
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Any material that is a good absorber is a good _________
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radiator
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In the statosphere, the temperature ____________ with altitude.
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increases
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the top portion of each layer ends in a ...pause. What are the four pauses?
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Tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, and thermopause
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What two elements are good absorbers of infared radiation?
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water vapor and carbon dioxide
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What is terrestrial radiation?
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electromagnetic energy given off by the surface of earth.
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What object reflects most insolation?
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clouds
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What is the Greenhouse effect?
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the process that allows short- wave radiation to be transmitted but which absorbes reradiated, long- wave radiation and transforms it to heat energy
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Name the four distinct layers of the atmosphere
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Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere
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Water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb which type of infared radiation?
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long- wave
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Where is the troposhere located and what occurs here?
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it is closest to the earths surface and earths weather occurs in the troposphere.
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Precipitation occurs on which side of the mountain?
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windward side
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IN areas away from large bodies of water, which have cold winters, hot summers, and large temp. range are said to have a _____ cliamte
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continental
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locations where temperatures are modified by the presence of large bodies of water are said to have a_______climate
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marine
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As elevation increases, the ________ and saturation vapor pressure ______________
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temperature, decrease
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