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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ocean Variables
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velocity of currents
temp salinity |
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Cryosphere
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snow cover
glacier variables sea ice |
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Biosphere
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ecosystem variables
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Lithosphere
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continent locations
ocean basin topography |
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Composition of the Dry atmosphere
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water vapor
aerosols |
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Pressure
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Force/Area
Units are Newtons/m^2 |
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Surface pressure varies within about.....
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+ or - 10%
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Kelvin is ___ added to celsius
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273
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First law of thermodynamics
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Energy is neither created or destroyed
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Ways to move Energy
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conduction
convection radiation |
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Kinds of energy
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kinetic, potential, electromagnetic, chemical, atomic, electrical,heat
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Energy from the sun to earth
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radiation
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Colors in visible light
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Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red
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Blackbody radiation is completely determined by
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Temperature
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When light interacts with matter it can be....
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absorbed, transmitted, reflected, scattered
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Albedo
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fraction incoming light that is scattered and reflected
symbol: α |
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Albedo of Earth
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about .3
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Incoming Energy =
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outgoing energy
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Sun is __ K
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6000 degrees
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Sun emits ____ radiation to earth
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short wave
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Earth emits ___ radiation
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longwave
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Earth emits long wave radiation because....
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Its temperature is 288 degrees K and temperature is inverse of wavelength
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Strongest Greenhouse Greenhouse gas
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Water vapor
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Green house gasses are gasses that absorb ____
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infrared radiation
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Low Temperature with lots of ice =
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High albedo
Lower incoming IR |
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High temp with little or no ice =
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Low albedo
Higher incoming IR |
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Conduction
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Transfer of energy through molecular collisions (requires matter)
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Convection
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Movement of mass which contains heat (requires matter)
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Radiation
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Electromagnetic radiation (can travel in a vacuum)
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Why do we have seasons?
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Tilt of the earths axis
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Most of the worlds fresh water is trapped in ____
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Ice sheets
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Measures of Humidity. What doesn't change with temperature
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Dew Point
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Measures of Humidity. What does change with temperature
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Relative Humidity
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Clouds provide net _____
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cooling
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Clouds cool through ____ and warm from ____
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Albedo, IR
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Newtons Three Laws
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-If no net force: object at rest remains at rest; object in motion moves in straight line at constant speed
-Force = mass * acceleration -Every action has equal and opposite reaction |
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Pressure gradient
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change in pressure from one place to another
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Balanced by gravity
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Hydrostatic balance
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Hydrostatic Balance
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Vertical forces balance
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Coriolis Force is due to ____?
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living on a rotating planet
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Coriolis is strongest at ____ and _____ at equator
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Poles, 0
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NH: Fcor points to _____
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The right of the wind
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SH: Fcor points to
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The left of the wind
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Geostrophic balance
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Coriolis force and horizontal pressure gradient
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Rotational force always points towards _____ of circle
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Center
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Smaller circle a bigger ____ is needed to maintain geostrophic balance
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Fr
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Cyclonic
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Direction Earth turns
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Anticyclonic
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Opposite to direction Earth turns
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H=
L= |
Anticyclones
Cyclones |
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Friction is only important near ____
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Surface
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Ff always points ____
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Opposite of the wind
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Convergence around ____
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Lows
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Divergence around ____
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Highs
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Ocean currents determined by ____
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Ocean Basins
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Ocean salt come from ______
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Erosion of land and carried by rivers
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Top layer of ocean is called the ___ layer
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Mixed layer (mixed by wind)
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The bottom layer of ocean is called ____
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Deep ocean (Cold and nearly uniform in temperature and density
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What is a pycnocline
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A region where density changes and is in a similar location the the thermocline
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Average ocean depth
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5 Km
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Average mixed layer depth
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100 m (2% of ocean depth)
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Surface curculation is driven by ____
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Wind
wind pushes on water and water moves. Primarily horizontal motion |
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Winds that drive water are called
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Ekman Transport
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Ocean gyres move in a _____ motion
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Anti-cyclonic motion
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Overturning Circulation
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Mixes upper layer and deep ocean
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Vertical motion: Convection
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Surface water becomes denser than deep water and sinks
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