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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What cerebellar peduncle does the trigeminal nerve course through?
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The middle cerebellar peduncle
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What lateral or medial is the prinicpal sensory nucleus V located close to the primary motor nucleus of the trigeminal?
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The principal sensory nucleus V is located laterally to the principal motor nucleus is located medially.
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What is the only nerve which arises from the dorsal surface of the brain?
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The Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
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What is the shape of the STT in the dorsal part of the upper pons (isthmus)?
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Boomerang
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What does the locus ceruleus?
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Helps focus attentions on certain specific sensory nuclei
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At what level is the superior cerebellar peduncle located?
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The upper pons
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True/False, the SCP decussates at the level of the upper pons.
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True the SCP decussates at the level of the upper pons
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What is more dorsal in the upper pons, the lateral meniscus or the medial meniscus?
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The lateral meniscus is more lateral
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What is on the midline ventral to the fourth ventricle in the upper pons?
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The MLF
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AT the level of the upper pons, what nucleus shows up?
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The mesencephalonic nucleus of IV.
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What level is the locus cereleus?
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Upper pons
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What structure is the locus ceruleus apart of?
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The reticular formation
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Where is the mesencephalic tract (lateral/medial, ventral/dorsal)?
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Dorsal lateral
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Which is more medial, locus ceruleus or the mesencephalic tract?
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Locus ceruleus
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Wat cranial nerve has a motor root & intermediate nerve?
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Cranial nerve VII
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What pontine cranial nerve: spinal Vth tgract & nucleus
Principal sensory & mesencephalic nuclei and motor nucleus of V? |
Cranial V
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What are the four nuclei of the Trigeminal nerve?
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Spinal V nucleus
Principal mesencephalic nuclei Principal sensory nuclei Motor nucleus of V |
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VII is what type of a spinal nerve?
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SVE
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What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
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Facial nerve (VII)
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What are the components of the intermediate nerve?
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Cranial nerve VII origination
- parasympathetic (GVE) innervation of lacrimal gland GVE innervation of sublingual & submandibular glands via chorda tympani nerve Taste (SVA) from anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympanoi nerve |
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What three types of nerves are in the VII?
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SVE
GVE SVA (Taste) |
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What does the mesencephalic nucleus do?
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CN V: proprioception for face
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If you have a tootache what is the nerve responsible?
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Spinal V nucleus (pain, tempterature, light touch for face)
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What nucleus of CN V is responsible for tactile and pressure for face?
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Principal sensory nucleus
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What nucleus is responsible for the muscles of mastication?
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Motor nucleus of CN V
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What is kind of like the posterior columns for the face?
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The principal sensory nucleus: it transfers tacticle and pressure for the face
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What are the two different things about the mesencephalic nucleus?
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Only receive input from V3
It doesn't have its cell bodies in the ganglion (they stay in the brain) |
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Which nucleus is important in the Jaw jerk reflex?
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Mesencephalic nucleus
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Where are the cell bodies for the muscles of mastication located?
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Motor nucleus of V
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What trigeminal division(s) does the motor neurons of CN V go through?
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V3
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What two nuclei are involved in the Jaw jerk reflex?
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Mesencephalic nucleus
Motor nucleus |
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True/False: the Mesencephalic Nucleus of V cell bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion.
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False, they are in the brain
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What motor innervates the palpebral region of the eye (to close them)?
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Facial nerve (CN VII)
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For the corneal reflex what happens after the eye is touched?
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Sensory information in long ciliary nerve
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Where does information from the long ciliary nerve go to?
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Nasociliary nerve
to the Opthalmic division (V1) |
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What is referred to when there is a corneal reflex in the touched eye?
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Direct corneal reflex
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What is referred to the corneal reflex when the opposite eye is involved?
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Consensual corneal reflex
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What is indicated when there is absolutely no corneal reflex?
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There is compromise in the sensory pathway. A lesion of the V nerve.
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What if there is no direct corneal reflex but there is consensual corneal reflex.
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Ipsilateral motor nerve damage (CN VII), the V1 is intact
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Alternating hemiplegia syndromes always involves two damages what are they?
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Damage to corticospinal Tract: Contral lateral hemiparesis
Damage to one of the 3x GSE cranial nerves 3, 6, 12; ipsilateral cranial nerve paralysis |
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What two structures would be damaged with inferior alternating hemiplegia (damaged level is ventral medulla)?
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Corticospinal tract
Hypoglossal nerve |
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What structures are damaged with a middle alternating hemiplegia (damaged levle is ventral lwoer pons)?
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Corticospinal tract
corticobulbar tract abducens nerve |
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What are the three portions of the pons?
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Roof (dorsal)
tegmentum Basilar Pons (Ventral) |
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What nerves are associated with lower?
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VI and VII
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What is the caudal boundary on the dorsal aspect for the Pons?
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Rostral to Stria Medullaris Acoustica
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What is the rostal boundary on the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
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Decussation of IV nerve
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What is the caudal boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
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Inferior Pontine sulcus
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What is the rostral boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
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Superior Pontine sulcus
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What are the four external landmarks on the dorsal surface of the Pons?
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Facial colliculus, Superior Medullary velum, Superior Cerebellary peduncle, Middle Cerebellary peduncle
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What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by elevations on each side of midline rostral to stria medullares?
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Facial colliculus
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What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by a membrane that forms the rostral part of the roof of the IV ventricle?
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Superior medullary velum
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What are the five external features on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
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Basilar pons, Middle Cerebellar peduncle, CN V, CN VI, CN VII
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Which cranial nerve exits at the inferior pontine sulcus close to pyramid in line with XII nerve fibers caudally?
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CN VI
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Which cranial nerve emerges from brain stem at cerebellopontine angle (Hint it can be divided into a motor root and an intermediate nerve)?
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CN VII
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Which cranial nerve emerges from the junction of middle cerebellar peduncle and transverse fibers of basilar pons-consists of large sensory and small motor root?
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CN V
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What are the two portions the Pons can be divided into?
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Pontine tegmentum and Basilar Pons
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What portion of the Pons consists of ascending descengin tracts, crainal nerve and associated nuclie and reticular formation?
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Pontine tegmentum
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What portion of the Pons consits of longitudinally and transversely oriented fiber bundles and clusters of cells known as pontine nuclei?
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Basilar pons
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What are the two components of the roof which cover the pons?
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Cerebellum and the superior medullary velum
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What structure is located between the pontine superior medullary velum and the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
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IV ventricle
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What are the three sets of longitudinal fiber bundles found in the basilar pons?
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Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine
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List the three representative levels of the Pons.
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Lower pons, mid pons, and isthmus
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Which longitudinal fiber bundle projects to the spinal cord from the cortex via the pyramids?
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Corticospinal
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Which longitudinal fiber bundle in the pons are dervied from the motor cortex and constitute the UMN pathway for cranial nerves motor nuclie?
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corticobulbar
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What are the three cranial nerves associated with the corticobulbar tract?
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CN V, VII, XII (5+7=12)
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Which longitudinal fiber bundle of the Pons is derived from all four lobes and descends ipsilaterally to synapse on the pontine nuclei?
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corticopontine
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What is the origins of the axons which form the transverse fibers of the pons (aka Pontocerebellar tract)?
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Pontine nuclei
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What are the three internal general structure components of the Basilar pons (at the point of the lower pons)?
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Longitudinal fiber tracts, Pontine nuclei, transverse pontine fibers (pontocerebellar fibers)
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Through what structure does the cerebral cortex exert influence on the CONTRALATERAL cerebellum?
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Transvere pontine (Pontocerebellar) fibers
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Name the two nuclei which are medial to the sulcus limitans in the lower pons.
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Abducens (CN VI) and Facial (CN VII) motor nuclei
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Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
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LR6 the sixth (VI) nerve, abducens
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Which type of neuron is located closest to the midline for the abducent nucleus (CN VI)?
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GSE is located closest to the midline
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What is the position of the SVE motor group of Facial Nerve (VII) comparable to in the medulla?
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Facial (VII) nerve's SVE motor nuclei is located approximately at the same region in the pons as the nucleus amibuus was located in the medulla.
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What are the two cell groups and one tract located lateral to the sulcus limitans?
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Spinal V (nucleus and tract) and vestibular nuclei
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What type of nerve characterizes the vestibular nuclei?
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SSA
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List six structures not nuclei located in the pontine tegmentum.
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Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
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What structure in the pontine tegmentum is associated with the auditory system and is located lateral to the CN VII motor nucleus?
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Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
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What is a prominent band of auditory relay fibers in ventral tegmentum located between the medial leminsicus on either side?
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Trapezoid body
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What structure is located between CN VI and VII nerve fibers in the middle of the tegmentum and consists of ascneidng and descending fibers?
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Central tegmental tract
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What dorsal structure becomes obscure between the lower level of the pons and mid pons?
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Sulcus limitans
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Which components (sensory vs motor) is located lateral to the V nerve?
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Principal Sensory nucleus
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What type of nerve (type and identity) is responsible for tactile and pressure sensation on the face?
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GSA of the V nerve (located lateral to the V nerve).
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The motor nucleus is located medial or lateral in reference to the V nucleus?
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Medial
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What is the caudal boundary on the dorsal aspect for the Pons?
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Rostral to Stria Medullaris Acoustica
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What is the rostal boundary on the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
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Decussation of IV nerve
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What is the caudal boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
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Inferior Pontine sulcus
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What is the rostral boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
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Superior Pontine sulcus
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What are the four external landmarks on the dorsal surface of the Pons?
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Facial colliculus, Superior Medullary velum, Superior Cerebellary peduncle, Middle Cerebellary peduncle
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What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by elevations on each side of midline rostral to stria medullares?
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Facial colliculus
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What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by a membrane that forms the rostral part of the roof of the IV ventricle?
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Superior medullary velum
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What are the five external features on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
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Basilar pons, Middle Cerebellar peduncle, CN V, CN VI, CN VII
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Which cranial nerve exits at the inferior pontine sulcus close to pyramid in line with XII nerve fibers caudally?
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CN VI
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Which cranial nerve emerges from brain stem at cerebellopontine angle (Hint it can be divided into a motor root and an intermediate nerve)?
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CN VII
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Which cranial nerve emerges from the junction of middle cerebellar peduncle and transverse fibers of basilar pons-consists of large sensory and small motor root?
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CN V
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What are the two portions the Pons can be divided into?
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Pontine tegmentum and Basilar Pons
|
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What portion of the Pons consists of ascending descengin tracts, crainal nerve and associated nuclie and reticular formation?
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Pontine tegmentum
|
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What portion of the Pons consits of longitudinally and transversely oriented fiber bundles and clusters of cells known as pontine nuclei?
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Basilar pons
|
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What are the two components of the roof which cover the pons?
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Cerebellum and the superior medullary velum
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What structure is located between the pontine superior medullary velum and the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
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IV ventricle
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What are the three sets of longitudinal fiber bundles found in the basilar pons?
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Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine
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List the three representative levels of the Pons.
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Lower pons, mid pons, and isthmus
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Which longitudinal fiber bundle projects to the spinal cord from the cortex via the pyramids?
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Corticospinal
|
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Which longitudinal fiber bundle in the pons are dervied from the motor cortex and constitute the UMN pathway for cranial nerves motor nuclie?
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corticobulbar
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What are the three cranial nerves associated with the corticobulbar tract?
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CN V, VII, XII (5+7=12)
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Which longitudinal fiber bundle of the Pons is derived from all four lobes and descends ipsilaterally to synapse on the pontine nuclei?
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corticopontine
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What is the origins of the axons which form the transverse fibers of the pons (aka Pontocerebellar tract)?
|
Pontine nuclei
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What are the three internal general structure components of the Basilar pons (at the point of the lower pons)?
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Longitudinal fiber tracts, Pontine nuclei, transverse pontine fibers (pontocerebellar fibers)
|
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Through what structure does the cerebral cortex exert influence on the CONTRALATERAL cerebellum?
|
Transvere pontine (Pontocerebellar) fibers
|
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Name the two nuclei which are medial to the sulcus limitans in the lower pons.
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Abducens (CN VI) and Facial (CN VII) motor nuclei
|
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Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
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LR6 the sixth (VI) nerve, abducens
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Which type of neuron is located closest to the midline for the abducent nucleus (CN VI)?
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GSE is located closest to the midline
|
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What is the position of the SVE motor group of Facial Nerve (VII) comparable to in the medulla?
|
Facial (VII) nerve's SVE motor nuclei is located approximately at the same region in the pons as the nucleus amibuus was located in the medulla.
|
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What are the two cell groups and one tract located lateral to the sulcus limitans?
|
Spinal V (nucleus and tract) and vestibular nuclei
|
|
What type of nerve characterizes the vestibular nuclei?
|
SSA
|
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List six structures not nuclei located in the pontine tegmentum.
|
Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
|
|
What structure in the pontine tegmentum is associated with the auditory system and is located lateral to the CN VII motor nucleus?
|
Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
|
|
What is a prominent band of auditory relay fibers in ventral tegmentum located between the medial leminsicus on either side?
|
Trapezoid body
|
|
What structure is located between CN VI and VII nerve fibers in the middle of the tegmentum and consists of ascneidng and descending fibers?
|
Central tegmental tract
|
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What dorsal structure becomes obscure between the lower level of the pons and mid pons?
|
Sulcus limitans
|
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Which components (sensory vs motor) is located lateral to the V nerve?
|
Principal Sensory nucleus
|
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What type of nerve (type and identity) is responsible for tactile and pressure sensation on the face?
|
GSA of the V nerve (located lateral to the V nerve).
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The motor nucleus is located medial or lateral in reference to the V nucleus?
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Medial
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What type of nerve (type and identity) is responsible for the muscles of mastication (MMATT)?
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SVE of V (located medial to the V nerve)
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What contains some of the only pseudounipolar nuclei within the CNS?
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Mesencephalic nucleus/tract of V
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List the three nuclei associated with V nerve.
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Mesencephalic nucleus, Principal sensory nucleus, motor nucleus
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What functions for unconscious proprioception of the face?
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Mesencephalic nucleus/tract of V
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What auditory relay tract begins at the level of midpons and is lateral to both STT and Medial lemniscus?
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Lateral lemniscus
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At the level of the upper pons (or isthmus) what forms the roof of the IV ventricle?
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Superior medullary velum
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What cranial nerve is located in the superior medullary velum (at the level of the upper pons/isthmus)?
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CN IV (Trochlear) - recall pulley
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What is the name given to pigmented cells located in the pontine tegmentum which focuses cerebral cortex attention?
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Locus ceruleus
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What neurotransmitter is found in locus ceruleus?
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norepinenephrine
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What forms the more dorsal (or inner) boomerang in the isthmus or upper pons?
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Superior Cerebellar peduncle and its decussation
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What is located lateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle?
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Lateral lemniscus
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What two neuron types are found in the intermediate nerve?
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SVA and GVE
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What are three distinct functions carried by or controlled by the intermediate nerve?
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Lacrimation, Salivation and taste
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Where does the principal sensory nucleus of V project?
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To the thalamus
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How does the Mesencephalic nucleus cause the jaw to close in the "jaw-jerk" reflex?
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Neurons in this region send off a collateral to the motor nuclei of Spinal V.
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Trace the seven steps of the sensory limb of the corneal reflex pathway.
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1. long ciliary nerve 2. nasociliary nerve 3. CN V, ophthalmic division 4. Trigeminal ganglion (sensory cell bodies) 5. Trigeminal nerve 6. Spinal V tract 7. Spinal V nucleus 8. V Nucleus sends bilateral collaterals to VII nucleus (R & L)
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Trace the four steps of the motor limb of the corneal reflex pathway.
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1. facial motor nuclei (R&L) 2. CN VII 3. CN VII upper divisions 4. zygomatic branches 5. Orbicularis oculi (palpebral part)
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Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on lesioned side elicits no direct or consensual eye blinking?
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Spinal V (nucleus and/or tract) is damaged IPSILATERALLY
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Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on unlesioned side elicits both direct and consensual eye blinking?
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Spinal V (nucleus and/or tract) is damaged CONTRALATERALLY
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Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on left side results in right (but not left) side blinking?
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Facial VII nerve is damaged on the left side (IPSILATERALLY)
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Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on right side results in right (but not left) side blinking?
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Facial VII nerve is damaged on the left side (CONTRALATERALLY)
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What structures are damaged when there is contralateral hemiplegia and LMN impairment of ipsilateral tongue?
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Corticospinal tract, hypoglossal nerve
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Damage to what structure results in contralateral hemiplegia?
|
Corticospinal tract
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Damage to what structure results in contralateral hemiparesis of lower face?
|
Corticobulbar tract
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Damage to what structure results in Lower motor impairment of lateral rectus muscle (or Internal strabismus)?
|
Abducens (CN VI)
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Damage to what structure results in lower motor impairment of ipsilateral tongue?
|
Hypoglossal nerve
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Damage to what structure results in ipsilateral lower motor impairment of entire face?
|
Facial nerve (CN VII)
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What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplegia and lower motor impairment of ipsilateral tongue?
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Inferior alternating hemiplegia
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What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplgiea, contralateral hemiparesis of lower face, and lower motor impairment of ispialteral lateral rectus?
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Middle alternating hemiplegia
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What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemiparesis of lower face, and ipsilateral paralysis of oculomotor nerve?
|
Superior alternating hemiplegia (or Weber's syndrome)
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What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemiparesis of lower face, lower motor impairment of ipsilateral lateral rectus, and ipsilateral lower motor impairment of entire face?
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Millard-Gubler syndrome
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What is the damaged level associated with inferior alternating hemiplegia?
|
Ventral medulla
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What is the damaged level of middle alternating hemiplegia?
|
Ventral lower pons
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What is the damaged level associated with superior alternating hemiplegia (Weber's syndrome)?
|
Ventral mesencephalon
|
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What is the damaged level associated with Millard-Gubler syndrome?
|
Ventral and Lower pons
|