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157 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What cerebellar peduncle does the trigeminal nerve course through?
The middle cerebellar peduncle
What lateral or medial is the prinicpal sensory nucleus V located close to the primary motor nucleus of the trigeminal?
The principal sensory nucleus V is located laterally to the principal motor nucleus is located medially.
What is the only nerve which arises from the dorsal surface of the brain?
The Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
What is the shape of the STT in the dorsal part of the upper pons (isthmus)?
Boomerang
What does the locus ceruleus?
Helps focus attentions on certain specific sensory nuclei
At what level is the superior cerebellar peduncle located?
The upper pons
True/False, the SCP decussates at the level of the upper pons.
True the SCP decussates at the level of the upper pons
What is more dorsal in the upper pons, the lateral meniscus or the medial meniscus?
The lateral meniscus is more lateral
What is on the midline ventral to the fourth ventricle in the upper pons?
The MLF
AT the level of the upper pons, what nucleus shows up?
The mesencephalonic nucleus of IV.
What level is the locus cereleus?
Upper pons
What structure is the locus ceruleus apart of?
The reticular formation
Where is the mesencephalic tract (lateral/medial, ventral/dorsal)?
Dorsal lateral
Which is more medial, locus ceruleus or the mesencephalic tract?
Locus ceruleus
Wat cranial nerve has a motor root & intermediate nerve?
Cranial nerve VII
What pontine cranial nerve: spinal Vth tgract & nucleus
Principal sensory & mesencephalic nuclei and motor nucleus of V?
Cranial V
What are the four nuclei of the Trigeminal nerve?
Spinal V nucleus
Principal mesencephalic nuclei
Principal sensory nuclei
Motor nucleus of V
VII is what type of a spinal nerve?
SVE
What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve (VII)
What are the components of the intermediate nerve?
Cranial nerve VII origination
- parasympathetic (GVE) innervation of lacrimal gland
GVE innervation of sublingual & submandibular glands via chorda tympani nerve
Taste (SVA) from anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympanoi nerve
What three types of nerves are in the VII?
SVE
GVE
SVA (Taste)
What does the mesencephalic nucleus do?
CN V: proprioception for face
If you have a tootache what is the nerve responsible?
Spinal V nucleus (pain, tempterature, light touch for face)
What nucleus of CN V is responsible for tactile and pressure for face?
Principal sensory nucleus
What nucleus is responsible for the muscles of mastication?
Motor nucleus of CN V
What is kind of like the posterior columns for the face?
The principal sensory nucleus: it transfers tacticle and pressure for the face
What are the two different things about the mesencephalic nucleus?
Only receive input from V3
It doesn't have its cell bodies in the ganglion (they stay in the brain)
Which nucleus is important in the Jaw jerk reflex?
Mesencephalic nucleus
Where are the cell bodies for the muscles of mastication located?
Motor nucleus of V
What trigeminal division(s) does the motor neurons of CN V go through?
V3
What two nuclei are involved in the Jaw jerk reflex?
Mesencephalic nucleus
Motor nucleus
True/False: the Mesencephalic Nucleus of V cell bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion.
False, they are in the brain
What motor innervates the palpebral region of the eye (to close them)?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
For the corneal reflex what happens after the eye is touched?
Sensory information in long ciliary nerve
Where does information from the long ciliary nerve go to?
Nasociliary nerve
to the Opthalmic division (V1)
What is referred to when there is a corneal reflex in the touched eye?
Direct corneal reflex
What is referred to the corneal reflex when the opposite eye is involved?
Consensual corneal reflex
What is indicated when there is absolutely no corneal reflex?
There is compromise in the sensory pathway. A lesion of the V nerve.
What if there is no direct corneal reflex but there is consensual corneal reflex.
Ipsilateral motor nerve damage (CN VII), the V1 is intact
Alternating hemiplegia syndromes always involves two damages what are they?
Damage to corticospinal Tract: Contral lateral hemiparesis
Damage to one of the 3x GSE cranial nerves 3, 6, 12; ipsilateral cranial nerve paralysis
What two structures would be damaged with inferior alternating hemiplegia (damaged level is ventral medulla)?
Corticospinal tract
Hypoglossal nerve
What structures are damaged with a middle alternating hemiplegia (damaged levle is ventral lwoer pons)?
Corticospinal tract
corticobulbar tract
abducens nerve
What are the three portions of the pons?
Roof (dorsal)
tegmentum
Basilar Pons (Ventral)
What nerves are associated with lower?
VI and VII
What is the caudal boundary on the dorsal aspect for the Pons?
Rostral to Stria Medullaris Acoustica
What is the rostal boundary on the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
Decussation of IV nerve
What is the caudal boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
Inferior Pontine sulcus
What is the rostral boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
Superior Pontine sulcus
What are the four external landmarks on the dorsal surface of the Pons?
Facial colliculus, Superior Medullary velum, Superior Cerebellary peduncle, Middle Cerebellary peduncle
What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by elevations on each side of midline rostral to stria medullares?
Facial colliculus
What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by a membrane that forms the rostral part of the roof of the IV ventricle?
Superior medullary velum
What are the five external features on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
Basilar pons, Middle Cerebellar peduncle, CN V, CN VI, CN VII
Which cranial nerve exits at the inferior pontine sulcus close to pyramid in line with XII nerve fibers caudally?
CN VI
Which cranial nerve emerges from brain stem at cerebellopontine angle (Hint it can be divided into a motor root and an intermediate nerve)?
CN VII
Which cranial nerve emerges from the junction of middle cerebellar peduncle and transverse fibers of basilar pons-consists of large sensory and small motor root?
CN V
What are the two portions the Pons can be divided into?
Pontine tegmentum and Basilar Pons
What portion of the Pons consists of ascending descengin tracts, crainal nerve and associated nuclie and reticular formation?
Pontine tegmentum
What portion of the Pons consits of longitudinally and transversely oriented fiber bundles and clusters of cells known as pontine nuclei?
Basilar pons
What are the two components of the roof which cover the pons?
Cerebellum and the superior medullary velum
What structure is located between the pontine superior medullary velum and the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
IV ventricle
What are the three sets of longitudinal fiber bundles found in the basilar pons?
Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine
List the three representative levels of the Pons.
Lower pons, mid pons, and isthmus
Which longitudinal fiber bundle projects to the spinal cord from the cortex via the pyramids?
Corticospinal
Which longitudinal fiber bundle in the pons are dervied from the motor cortex and constitute the UMN pathway for cranial nerves motor nuclie?
corticobulbar
What are the three cranial nerves associated with the corticobulbar tract?
CN V, VII, XII (5+7=12)
Which longitudinal fiber bundle of the Pons is derived from all four lobes and descends ipsilaterally to synapse on the pontine nuclei?
corticopontine
What is the origins of the axons which form the transverse fibers of the pons (aka Pontocerebellar tract)?
Pontine nuclei
What are the three internal general structure components of the Basilar pons (at the point of the lower pons)?
Longitudinal fiber tracts, Pontine nuclei, transverse pontine fibers (pontocerebellar fibers)
Through what structure does the cerebral cortex exert influence on the CONTRALATERAL cerebellum?
Transvere pontine (Pontocerebellar) fibers
Name the two nuclei which are medial to the sulcus limitans in the lower pons.
Abducens (CN VI) and Facial (CN VII) motor nuclei
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
LR6 the sixth (VI) nerve, abducens
Which type of neuron is located closest to the midline for the abducent nucleus (CN VI)?
GSE is located closest to the midline
What is the position of the SVE motor group of Facial Nerve (VII) comparable to in the medulla?
Facial (VII) nerve's SVE motor nuclei is located approximately at the same region in the pons as the nucleus amibuus was located in the medulla.
What are the two cell groups and one tract located lateral to the sulcus limitans?
Spinal V (nucleus and tract) and vestibular nuclei
What type of nerve characterizes the vestibular nuclei?
SSA
List six structures not nuclei located in the pontine tegmentum.
Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
What structure in the pontine tegmentum is associated with the auditory system and is located lateral to the CN VII motor nucleus?
Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
What is a prominent band of auditory relay fibers in ventral tegmentum located between the medial leminsicus on either side?
Trapezoid body
What structure is located between CN VI and VII nerve fibers in the middle of the tegmentum and consists of ascneidng and descending fibers?
Central tegmental tract
What dorsal structure becomes obscure between the lower level of the pons and mid pons?
Sulcus limitans
Which components (sensory vs motor) is located lateral to the V nerve?
Principal Sensory nucleus
What type of nerve (type and identity) is responsible for tactile and pressure sensation on the face?
GSA of the V nerve (located lateral to the V nerve).
The motor nucleus is located medial or lateral in reference to the V nucleus?
Medial
What is the caudal boundary on the dorsal aspect for the Pons?
Rostral to Stria Medullaris Acoustica
What is the rostal boundary on the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
Decussation of IV nerve
What is the caudal boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
Inferior Pontine sulcus
What is the rostral boundary on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
Superior Pontine sulcus
What are the four external landmarks on the dorsal surface of the Pons?
Facial colliculus, Superior Medullary velum, Superior Cerebellary peduncle, Middle Cerebellary peduncle
What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by elevations on each side of midline rostral to stria medullares?
Facial colliculus
What external landmark on the Pons is characterized by a membrane that forms the rostral part of the roof of the IV ventricle?
Superior medullary velum
What are the five external features on the ventral aspect of the Pons?
Basilar pons, Middle Cerebellar peduncle, CN V, CN VI, CN VII
Which cranial nerve exits at the inferior pontine sulcus close to pyramid in line with XII nerve fibers caudally?
CN VI
Which cranial nerve emerges from brain stem at cerebellopontine angle (Hint it can be divided into a motor root and an intermediate nerve)?
CN VII
Which cranial nerve emerges from the junction of middle cerebellar peduncle and transverse fibers of basilar pons-consists of large sensory and small motor root?
CN V
What are the two portions the Pons can be divided into?
Pontine tegmentum and Basilar Pons
What portion of the Pons consists of ascending descengin tracts, crainal nerve and associated nuclie and reticular formation?
Pontine tegmentum
What portion of the Pons consits of longitudinally and transversely oriented fiber bundles and clusters of cells known as pontine nuclei?
Basilar pons
What are the two components of the roof which cover the pons?
Cerebellum and the superior medullary velum
What structure is located between the pontine superior medullary velum and the dorsal aspect of the Pons?
IV ventricle
What are the three sets of longitudinal fiber bundles found in the basilar pons?
Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine
List the three representative levels of the Pons.
Lower pons, mid pons, and isthmus
Which longitudinal fiber bundle projects to the spinal cord from the cortex via the pyramids?
Corticospinal
Which longitudinal fiber bundle in the pons are dervied from the motor cortex and constitute the UMN pathway for cranial nerves motor nuclie?
corticobulbar
What are the three cranial nerves associated with the corticobulbar tract?
CN V, VII, XII (5+7=12)
Which longitudinal fiber bundle of the Pons is derived from all four lobes and descends ipsilaterally to synapse on the pontine nuclei?
corticopontine
What is the origins of the axons which form the transverse fibers of the pons (aka Pontocerebellar tract)?
Pontine nuclei
What are the three internal general structure components of the Basilar pons (at the point of the lower pons)?
Longitudinal fiber tracts, Pontine nuclei, transverse pontine fibers (pontocerebellar fibers)
Through what structure does the cerebral cortex exert influence on the CONTRALATERAL cerebellum?
Transvere pontine (Pontocerebellar) fibers
Name the two nuclei which are medial to the sulcus limitans in the lower pons.
Abducens (CN VI) and Facial (CN VII) motor nuclei
Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
LR6 the sixth (VI) nerve, abducens
Which type of neuron is located closest to the midline for the abducent nucleus (CN VI)?
GSE is located closest to the midline
What is the position of the SVE motor group of Facial Nerve (VII) comparable to in the medulla?
Facial (VII) nerve's SVE motor nuclei is located approximately at the same region in the pons as the nucleus amibuus was located in the medulla.
What are the two cell groups and one tract located lateral to the sulcus limitans?
Spinal V (nucleus and tract) and vestibular nuclei
What type of nerve characterizes the vestibular nuclei?
SSA
List six structures not nuclei located in the pontine tegmentum.
Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
What structure in the pontine tegmentum is associated with the auditory system and is located lateral to the CN VII motor nucleus?
Superior olivary complex, trapezoid body, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, MLF, Central tegmental tract
What is a prominent band of auditory relay fibers in ventral tegmentum located between the medial leminsicus on either side?
Trapezoid body
What structure is located between CN VI and VII nerve fibers in the middle of the tegmentum and consists of ascneidng and descending fibers?
Central tegmental tract
What dorsal structure becomes obscure between the lower level of the pons and mid pons?
Sulcus limitans
Which components (sensory vs motor) is located lateral to the V nerve?
Principal Sensory nucleus
What type of nerve (type and identity) is responsible for tactile and pressure sensation on the face?
GSA of the V nerve (located lateral to the V nerve).
The motor nucleus is located medial or lateral in reference to the V nucleus?
Medial
What type of nerve (type and identity) is responsible for the muscles of mastication (MMATT)?
SVE of V (located medial to the V nerve)
What contains some of the only pseudounipolar nuclei within the CNS?
Mesencephalic nucleus/tract of V
List the three nuclei associated with V nerve.
Mesencephalic nucleus, Principal sensory nucleus, motor nucleus
What functions for unconscious proprioception of the face?
Mesencephalic nucleus/tract of V
What auditory relay tract begins at the level of midpons and is lateral to both STT and Medial lemniscus?
Lateral lemniscus
At the level of the upper pons (or isthmus) what forms the roof of the IV ventricle?
Superior medullary velum
What cranial nerve is located in the superior medullary velum (at the level of the upper pons/isthmus)?
CN IV (Trochlear) - recall pulley
What is the name given to pigmented cells located in the pontine tegmentum which focuses cerebral cortex attention?
Locus ceruleus
What neurotransmitter is found in locus ceruleus?
norepinenephrine
What forms the more dorsal (or inner) boomerang in the isthmus or upper pons?
Superior Cerebellar peduncle and its decussation
What is located lateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle?
Lateral lemniscus
What two neuron types are found in the intermediate nerve?
SVA and GVE
What are three distinct functions carried by or controlled by the intermediate nerve?
Lacrimation, Salivation and taste
Where does the principal sensory nucleus of V project?
To the thalamus
How does the Mesencephalic nucleus cause the jaw to close in the "jaw-jerk" reflex?
Neurons in this region send off a collateral to the motor nuclei of Spinal V.
Trace the seven steps of the sensory limb of the corneal reflex pathway.
1. long ciliary nerve 2. nasociliary nerve 3. CN V, ophthalmic division 4. Trigeminal ganglion (sensory cell bodies) 5. Trigeminal nerve 6. Spinal V tract 7. Spinal V nucleus 8. V Nucleus sends bilateral collaterals to VII nucleus (R & L)
Trace the four steps of the motor limb of the corneal reflex pathway.
1. facial motor nuclei (R&L) 2. CN VII 3. CN VII upper divisions 4. zygomatic branches 5. Orbicularis oculi (palpebral part)
Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on lesioned side elicits no direct or consensual eye blinking?
Spinal V (nucleus and/or tract) is damaged IPSILATERALLY
Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on unlesioned side elicits both direct and consensual eye blinking?
Spinal V (nucleus and/or tract) is damaged CONTRALATERALLY
Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on left side results in right (but not left) side blinking?
Facial VII nerve is damaged on the left side (IPSILATERALLY)
Where is the damage in the corneal reflex pathway when corneal touch on right side results in right (but not left) side blinking?
Facial VII nerve is damaged on the left side (CONTRALATERALLY)
What structures are damaged when there is contralateral hemiplegia and LMN impairment of ipsilateral tongue?
Corticospinal tract, hypoglossal nerve
Damage to what structure results in contralateral hemiplegia?
Corticospinal tract
Damage to what structure results in contralateral hemiparesis of lower face?
Corticobulbar tract
Damage to what structure results in Lower motor impairment of lateral rectus muscle (or Internal strabismus)?
Abducens (CN VI)
Damage to what structure results in lower motor impairment of ipsilateral tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve
Damage to what structure results in ipsilateral lower motor impairment of entire face?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplegia and lower motor impairment of ipsilateral tongue?
Inferior alternating hemiplegia
What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplgiea, contralateral hemiparesis of lower face, and lower motor impairment of ispialteral lateral rectus?
Middle alternating hemiplegia
What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemiparesis of lower face, and ipsilateral paralysis of oculomotor nerve?
Superior alternating hemiplegia (or Weber's syndrome)
What syndrome is characterized by contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemiparesis of lower face, lower motor impairment of ipsilateral lateral rectus, and ipsilateral lower motor impairment of entire face?
Millard-Gubler syndrome
What is the damaged level associated with inferior alternating hemiplegia?
Ventral medulla
What is the damaged level of middle alternating hemiplegia?
Ventral lower pons
What is the damaged level associated with superior alternating hemiplegia (Weber's syndrome)?
Ventral mesencephalon
What is the damaged level associated with Millard-Gubler syndrome?
Ventral and Lower pons