Clh&n And Fns Test Iii Clh&n Lecture 8: Pharyngeal Arches And Development Of The Face

Front 1

What are the three sources of tissue in the head and neck structures?

Back 1

Ectoderm (Neurectoderm/neural crest/surface ectoderm)
Paraxial/lateral mesoderm
Endoderm

Front 2

What type of embryonic tissue covers the outside, the inside and forms the core of the pharyngeal arch?

Back 2

Extodermal covering
Endodermal lining
And a mesodermal core

Front 3

What separates the pharyngeal ridges from the each other?

Back 3

Pharyngeal cleft

Front 4

What are the numbers of the five pharyngeal arches?

Back 4

1,2,3,4,6 (there is no recognized arch 5)

Front 5

What are the four components of the pharyngeal arch?

Back 5

A skeletal element (derived from neural crest or mesoderm)
A muscular component (derived from mesoderm)
A cranial nerve
an aortic arch

Front 6

What regulates the patterning of the pharyngeal arches?

Back 6

Regulated by the homeobox (HOX) genes

Front 7

What two processes form from the first arch?

Back 7

Maxillary
mandibular

Front 8

What structure in adults does the first and second aortic arches become?

Back 8

They essentially regress (arch 1 and 2)

Front 9

Which arch produces the following skeletal derivatives?
part of sphenoid, incus, maxilla, zygoma, squamous temporal, malleus, mandible, sphenomandibular ligament

Back 9

Pharyngeal arch 1

Front 10

Which arch produces the following skeletal derivatives?
Stapes
Styloid process
stylohyoid ligament
upper hyoid bone

Back 10

Pharyngeal arch 2

Front 11

Which arch produces the following skeletal derivatives?
Lower part of the hyoid bone.

Back 11

Arch 3

Front 12

Which arch produces the following skeletal derivatives?
Laryngeal cartilages

Back 12

Pharyngeal arches 3 and 4

Front 13

What pharyngeal arch gives rise to the common carotid artery?

Back 13

Pharyngeal arch 3

Front 14

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to the subclavian artery on right and the aortic arch on the left?

Back 14

Pharyngeal arch 4

Front 15

Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to portions of the pulmonary arteries?

Back 15

Pharyngeal arch 6

Front 16

What muscles does pharyngeal arch 1 give rise to?

Back 16

Mylohyoid
Anterior Belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini

MMATT

Front 17

What muscles are associated with pharyngeal arch 2?

Back 17

FESS P
Muscles of facial expression:
stapedius
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric

Front 18

What muscle is associated with pharyngeal arch 3?

Back 18

Stylopharyngeus

Front 19

What pharyngeal arch is associated with the pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid muscle, levator veli palatini?

Back 19

Pharyngeal arch 4

Front 20

Which pharyngeal arch is associated with all laryngeal muscles, except cricothyroid?

Back 20

Pharyngeal arch 6

Front 21

What nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 1?

Back 21

V Trigeminal, mandibular division

Front 22

Which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 2?

Back 22

VII Facial nerve

Front 23

Which cranial nerve is associated with Pharyngeal arch 3?

Back 23

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

Front 24

Which cranial nerve is associated wtih Pharyngeal arch 4?

Back 24

CN X vagus, superior laryngeal branch

Front 25

Which cranial nerve is associated with pharyngeal arch 6?

Back 25

X vagus, recurrent laryngeal branch (fibers in this branch derived from the cranial part of Nerve XI (Spinal accessory)

Front 26

How are nerve fibers supplying muscles derived from pharyngeal arches classified?

Back 26

Special visceral efferent

Front 27

What is the only pharyngeal cleft which persist in recognizable form in the adult and what is that form?

Back 27

The first pharyngeal cleft becomes the external acoustic meatus

Front 28

What does the tissue surrounding the first cleft, arising from both the first and second arches become in the adult?

Back 28

The auricle (Ear)

Front 29

What does the apposed ectoderm and endoderm (with a little intervening mesoderm) between the 1st pouch and 1st cleft form?

Back 29

The eardrum

Front 30

What occurs when Clefts 2, 3 and 4 are overgrown by tissue derived from the second arch?

Back 30

Cervical sinus

Front 31

What pouch beocmes the middle earh cavity and the auditory tube?

Back 31

Pouch 1

Front 32

What pharyngeal pouch becomes the tonsillar crypts?

Back 32

Pouch 2

Front 33

What pharyngeal pouch becomes the inferior parathyroids and the thymus?

Back 33

Pouch 3

Front 34

What pharyngeal pouch becomes the superior parathyroids?

Back 34

Pharyngeal pouch 4

Front 35

What pouch becomes the c cells of the thyroid gland?

Back 35

Pharyngeal pouch 5

Front 36

In the anterior floor of the pharynx, related to the first arch, two lateral lingual swellings and a midline tuberculum impar appear what do they give rise to when the lateral swelling overgrow the tuberculum impar?

Back 36

The anterio 2/3 of the tongue

Front 37

What is dervided from the copula that is formed by tissue from the second, third and fourth arches?

Back 37

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Front 38

What two nerves innervate the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 38

The nerve of the first arch, the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Front 39

What innervates the posterior 1/3 (hint since its derived from the third arch...)?

Back 39

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Front 40

What gives rise to the skeletal muscle of the tongue?

Back 40

Occipital somites which carry their nerve the hypoglossal (CN XII) with them

Front 41

What develops from an epithelial proliferation at the midline of the floor of the pharynx at the junction of the first and second arches?

Back 41

The thyroid

Front 42

What represents the thyroid's original location and as the thyroid descends the thyroglossal duct connects the developing thyroid to tis site of origin?

Back 42

The foramen cecum

Front 43

What is the clinical application of the descent of the thyroid gland?

Back 43

Cysts and/or ectopic thyroid tissue can develop anywhere along the track of the descent of the thyroid gland

Front 44

What are the five prominences which the face begins as?

Back 44

One frontonasal
Two maxillary
Two mandibular

Front 45

What occupies the region of the future forehead and midline portion of upper face?

Back 45

the Frontonasal prominence

Front 46

What forms near the inferior margin of the frontonasal prominences?

Back 46

Ectodermal nasal placodes

Front 47

What two divisions occurs to the tissue surrounding each sunken placode?

Back 47

It divides into a medial and a lateral nasal prominence

Front 48

What forms when the left and right mandibular prominences merge with each other?

Back 48

A single lower jaw forms

Front 49

What forms when the two medial nasal prominences merge? (5)

Back 49

Bridge of the nose
Front of the Hard palate
Nasal septum
Philtrum of the lip
Upper incisors

Front 50

What forms from the groove which forms when the maxillary prominence of each side merges with the ipsilateral lateral and medial nasal prominences?

Back 50

Nasolacrimal groove deepen and close over to form the nasolacrimal ducts

Front 51

Where do the lateral maxillary and mandibular prominences join each other?

Back 51

At the corner of the future mouth, narrow it and form the cheeks

Front 52

True/False: the nasal cavity forms from the indentation of the nasal placodes and the subsequent breakdown of the tissue between the deepening nasal pits and oral cavity?

Back 52

True

Front 53

What forms the anteromost part of the definitve palate?

Back 53

The fused nasal prominences (intermaxillary segment)

Front 54

What forms from the frontonasal and fused medial nasal prominences?

Back 54

The nasal septum

Front 55

What occurs when the maxillary prominences develop extensions that are oriented downward?

Back 55

They straddle the tongue

Front 56

What occurs when various components of the nasal oral cavity regions fail to meet up?

Back 56

Cleft palate