Clerkships: Surgery: Eponyms

Front 1

Charcot's triad for cholangitis

Back 1

- fever
- jaundice
- RUQ pain

Suggested diagnosis
- ascending cholangitis

Front 2

charcot's triad for multiple sclerosis

Back 2

- nystagmus
- intention tremor
- scanning speech

Suggested diagnosis
- MS

Front 3

Reynolds pentad

Back 3

- charcot's triad
- hypotension
- altered mental status

Suggested diagnosis
- septic / ascending cholangitis (infection of biliary tree)

Front 4

Calot's triangle

Back 4

triangular area bounded by
- cystic artery (liver) superiorly
- cystic duct inferiorly
- hepatic duct medially.

Front 5

Aaron's sign

Back 5

A referred pain (or feeling of distress) in region of heart or stomach upon continuous firm pressure over McBurney's point, in appendicitis.

Front 6

Ballance's sign

Back 6

A triad of clinical signs of ruptured spleen in abdominal trauma:

1. Localization of trauma in the upper abdomen.
2. Demonstration of internal bleeding.
3. dullness to percussion in left flank LUQ due to coagulated blood and shifting dullness to percussion in right flank due to fluid blood

Front 7

Blumer's shelf

Back 7

A shelf-like tumor of the anterior rectal wall felt on rectal examination indicating implantation metastases in Douglas' pouch as in gastric carcinoma or tuberculous peritonitis.

Front 8

Carnett's sign

Back 8

Pain of intra-abdominal origin with likely source in abdominal wall.

- Head raise, tenderness persists in abdominal wall condition (rectus hematoma) whereas pain due to intraperitoneal disease lessens. An important clinical sign that can distinguish between an anterior abdominal wall mass/pain and that which is coming from the intraperitoneal cavity.

Front 9

Chandelier sign

Back 9

pain hypersensitivity in PID

- pelvic examination evokes pain of such intensity that the Pt seemingly leaps out of the examination stirrups

Front 10

Caravaggio's medussa

Back 10

caput medusa (portal HTN)

- dilated cutaneous veins arround umbilicus

Front 11

Courvoisier's law

Back 11

Clinical sign and symptoms in DDX of a carcinoma of the papilla Vateri (Papilla duodeni major).

- Diseases causing sudden blockage of the common bile duct, e.g., a stone, usually does not cause dilatation of the gallbladder.
- A palpable distended gallbladder, however, indicates a neoplasm (pancreatic cancer) as cause of obstructive jaundice. Painless.

Front 12

Cruveilhier's sign

Back 12

prominent periumbilical veins

- persistent HTN and occlusion of portal veins

Front 13

Cullen's sign

Back 13

Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical skin (periumbilical cyanosis and grid cyanosis) due to subcutaneous intraperitoneal haemorrhage.

- This may be caused by ruptured ectopic pregnancy or acute pancreatitis (rare).

Front 14

Fothergill's sign

Back 14

rectus sheath hematoma
- the haematoma produces a mass that does not cross the midline and remains palpable when the rectus muscle is tense

Front 15

Grey Turner's sign

Back 15

Local areas of discoloration (bruising) and induration of the skin about the umbilicus and in the region of the loins due to extravasation of blood.
- It is a clinical sign seen after 2-3 days in acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis and other causes of retroperitoneal haemorrhage

Front 16

Iliopsoas sign

Back 16

irritation to the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen (appendicitis)
- Pain upon passively extending the thigh of a patient lying on their side with knees extended, or asking the patient to actively flex their thigh at the hip.

Front 17

Kerhr's sign

Back 17

ruptured spleen or ectopic pregnancy
- pain in the tip of the shoulder due to the presence of blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity when a person is lying down and the legs are elevated
- no pain when sitting up

Front 18

Murphy's sign

Back 18

A sign of inflammation of the gallbladder.
- When the gallbladder is palpated by pressing the fingers under the rib cage, deep inspiration causes pain and there is inability to take a deep breath because the gallbladder is forced down to touch the fingers.

Front 19

Murphy's punch

Back 19

Punch tenderness at the costo-vertebral angle in cases of perinephritic abscess.

Front 20

Obtrurator sign

Back 20

Pain upon inernal and external rotation of the hip with knees flexed
- appendicitis

Front 21

Rovsing sign

Back 21

Acute appendicitis.
- Pressure over the descending colon causes pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

Front 22

Traube's space

Back 22

A crescent-shaped space about 12 mm wide, just above the costal margin.
- It is due to gas in the stomach which produces a vesiculotympanitic sound

Front 23

Ten Horn's sign

Back 23

Appendicitis
- pain on right spermaticord upon pulling on the R testicle

Front 24

Saegesser's sign

Back 24

Ruptured spleen
- compression of phrenic point (along the border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, 2-4 cm above the collar-bone) causes sudden contraction of homolateral hemidiaphragm and severe pain along the lateral border of rectus muscle of the abdomen

Front 25

What is this called?

- spinal cord injury
- ipsilateral motor loss
- contralateral loss pain and temperature

Back 25

Brown-Sequard syndrome
- hemisection of the cord

Front 26

What is this called?

- burst fracture of the C1 vertebral ring
- not assoicated with spinal cord injury

Back 26

Jefferson fracture/ C1 fracture

Front 27

What is this called?

- fracture involving posterior elements of C2

Back 27

Hangman's fracture

Front 28

What is this called?

- transverse fractures through the lumbar vertebral body
- associated with violent foreward flexion injury
- high association with retroperitoneal and bowel injury
- associated with lap belt

Back 28

Chance fractures

Front 29

What is this triad?

- elevated central venous pressure
- decreased blood pressure
- muffled heart tones

Back 29

Beck triad
- sign of cardiac temponade

Front 30

What is this sign?

- rise in venous pressure with inspiration when breathing spontaneously

Back 30

Kussmaul sign
- sign of cardiac temponade

Front 31

Hard signs of vascular compromise. (4)

Back 31

- no pulse in extremity
- no or poor capillary refill
- expanding hematoma
- pale, blue extremity

Front 32

Prehn sign.

Back 32

physical lifting of the testicles relieves the pain of epididymitis but not pain caused by testicular torsion

Front 33

Greenstick fracture

Back 33

incomplete fracture in which cortex on only one side is disrupted, seen in children

Front 34

Colle's fracture

Back 34

distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement and angulation
- falling on an outstretched hand

Front 35

Smith's fracture

Back 35

distal radius fracture with volar displacement and angulation
- opposite of colle's fracture
- falling on the dorsum of the hand

Front 36

Jone's fracture

Back 36

fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal diaphysis

Front 37

Bennett's fracture

Back 37

fracture-dislocation of the base of the first metacarpal with disruption of the carpometacarpal joint

Front 38

Boxer's fracture

Back 38

fracture of the metacarpal neck of the small finger

Front 39

Monteggia fracture

Back 39

fracture of the proximal 1/3 of ulna with dislocation of the radial head

Front 40

Pott's fracture

Back 40

fracture of distal fibula

Front 41

Galeazzi fracture

Back 41

fracture of the radius at the junction of the middle and distal 1/3 accompanied by disruption of the distal radioulnar joint

Front 42

"unhappy" triad

Back 42

ACL tear
PCL tear
medial meniscus injury

Front 43

Maissoneuve injury

Back 43

syndesmosis tear
- dorsiflexion/external rotation mechanism
- proximal fibular fracture

Front 44

Chance fracture.

Back 44

transverse lumbar spine fractures
- associated with lap belt wearing and have a high assoication with retroperitoneal and bowel injuries.