Clep Natural Science - Cells

Front 1

osmotic pressure of the solution

Back 1

the pressure of water on a cell

Front 2

integral proteins

Back 2

proteins that cross the membrane

Front 3

peripheral proteins

Back 3

proteins that sit on the outside of the membrane

Front 4

endocytosis

Back 4

the process of cell eating

Front 5

exocytosis

Back 5

the process of a cell getting rid of something

Front 6

pinocytosis

Back 6

the process of a cell drinking

Front 7

ATP

Back 7

adenosine triphosphate - energy rich molecules generated in the mitochondria through several oxidation reactions.

Front 8

cristae

Back 8

the structures made by folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Front 9

anabolism

Back 9

the metabolic process of building useful molecules - constructive metabolism

Front 10

catabolism

Back 10

the breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones and release energy - destructive metabolism

Front 11

heterotrophs

Back 11

have to intake other organisms for food

Front 12

autotrophs

Back 12

create their own food through photosynthesis

Front 13

the process of photosynthesis converts ________ into _______

Back 13

light energy into chemical energy. chemical energy creates ATP

Front 14

angiosperms

Back 14

type of plant species that have fleshy fruit, seeds with protective "coat", flowers

Front 15

gymnosperms

Back 15

type of plant that has "naked" seeds, usually on cones

Front 16

xylem

Back 16

the vascular tissue used to transport minerals and water from the roots to the rest of the plant

Front 17

phloem

Back 17

the other main tissue of plant vascular systems. transports nutrients and sugars from the leaves and photosynthetic areas to the stem and roots.

Front 18

in photosynthesis, plants mostly absorb ____ and ____ wavelengths

Back 18

red and blue

Front 19

chloroplasts

Back 19

the organelle in plant cells that assists in photosynthesis. holds chlorophyll.

Front 20

chlorophyll

Back 20

compound that can grab sunlight and begin the process of energy conversion. there are four types: a, b, c, d.

Front 21

light dependent reaction

Back 21

reaction happens when the light energy is captured and pushed into a chemical called ATP

Front 22

light independent reaction

Back 22

second part of the process - happens when the ATP is used to make glucose (the Calvin Cycle)

Front 23

formula for glucose

Back 23

C6H12O6

Front 24

roots

Back 24

structures designed to pull water and minerals from whatever material the plant is sitting on. for some, provide structure and stability.

Front 25

root hairs

Back 25

make the roots look fuzzy and help in the absorption of water and nutrients

Front 26

apical meristem

Back 26

growing tip found in buds or roots. undifferentiated cell, meaning they can reproduce to become any sort of cell. like a stem cell in animals.

Front 27

terminal bud

Back 27

tip of the stem. has equipment to grow new plants.

Front 28

primodium

Back 28

apical meristem in the terminal bud. designed to make new leaves.

Front 29

nodes

Back 29

points on a stem that grow into branches and leaves

Front 30

axillary buds

Back 30

things in nodes that also develop into branches

Front 31

xylem

Back 31

system of tubes and transport cells that circulates water and dissolved minerals. vessels connected end to end. also provide a system of support.

Front 32

phloem

Back 32

transport cells laid end to end that transport sugars. sap is usually coming out of phloem.

Front 33

sporophytes

Back 33

reproductive structures you find in mosses. it is a stalk that grows after the haploid sperm of one moss plant is able to mix with the haploid egg of a female moss plant. the resulting diploid cell grows into the sporophyte stalk. when ready, spores stored in the sporophyte are released and they grow into new moss plants.

Front 34

f = ma

Back 34

force = mass (of the object) acceleration (as a result of the force). force is measured in Newtons.