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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Buddhism
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"Nirvana, do not believe in a god, they follow the teachings of the mortal Buddha, who through much meditation finally discovered the Truth and sought to share the experience with others. Buddhists follow five basic rules: no stealing, no promiscuity, no lying, no drinking, and no killing.believe in the four noble truths: existence is suffering, suffering is caused by need, suffering can cease, and there is a path to the cessation of suffering.
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Confucianism
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ethical system of being neighborly
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Taoism
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Lao Tzu (founder-father)adopted from Buddhism, Taoism incorporates many gods, the head of which is the Jade Emperor, with the Emperor of the Eastern Mountain serving as second-in-command
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Hindu
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Bhagavad-Gita, Caste systems-Brahmans (highest)remaining three castes are Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (farmers/merchants), and Shudras (laborers).
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Friedrich Nietzsche
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More of a moralist than a philosopher (though his name is arguably the most widely recognized), Nietzsche hated Western civilization with a passion and spent much of his time denouncing it. He believed in a superman that would bring salvation, an ordinary man who could will himself to power and live at the height of passion and creativity.
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Georg W.F. Hegel
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published Phenomenology of Mind in 1807 and Philosophy of Right in 1821; being, not being, becoming
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Immanuel Kant
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Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone,believed that reality extended only so far as an individual’s personal degree of “knowing,” and it is impossible to “know” things that one cannot experience firsthand
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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But human nature does not go backward, and we never return to the times of innocence and equality, when we have once departed from them.” Man good, civilization corrupts. Social Contract
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Rene Descartes
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"founder of modern rationalism,“I think, therefore I am.”
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John Locke
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"Critique of Pure Reason in 1781. Two Treatises on Government, influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence,An Essay Concerning Human Understanding to outline the principles of empiricism.
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Thomas Hobbes
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"Leviathan, and believed that human life on its own was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”Seventeenth-century British philosopher who argued for a strong, even brutal government in order to keep humanity from becoming savages.
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Epicureans
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are a sect of hedonism (Pursuit of or devotion to pleasure)
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Aristotle
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Greek,Alexander the Great’s tutor, and a student of Plato, wrote Rhetoric, Poetics, and Metaphysics
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Cynics
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formed by Antisthenes in Greece in 400 A.D, austere, celibate
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Stoicism
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restraining emotion
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Plato
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c. 427–c. 347 BC Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates, wrote Republic and Symposium,expressed his philosophical beliefs largely through fictional dialogues
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Socrates
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Greek, Plato’s teacher, he was later condemned to death by drinking poison hemlock by fellow Athenians for his alleged atheism
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Karl Marx
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chief designer of modern socialist and communist practices. He wrote Das Kapital, an expose of Marxism and a foundation for socialism around the world.proletariet, Borgeious
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St. Augustine
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"City of God, a defense of Christianity against pagan animosity, and On the Trinity.
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Idealism
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Berkeley; to be is to be perceived "esse est percipi"; only ideas are real
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Socrates
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A life of virtue or excellence is a matter of knowledge
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Aristotle
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Virtuous activity is a matter of habit and training
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Kant
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the only good thing is a good will
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Mill
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(utilititarianism) pleasure principal
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Rouseau
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man is good inherently, but corrupted by environment
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utilitarianism
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greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number
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