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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 things in the JG apparatus?
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1) JG cells
2) macula densa 3) mesangial cells |
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What are the 2 important functions of the JG apparatus?
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1) secretion of renin by JG cells
2) tubulogolmerular feedback |
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How much urine, on average, is made/day?
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1-1.5 L
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What kind of clearances do substances that are filtered and secreted have (low or high)?
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high
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What kind of units does clearance have?
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volume/time
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What is an example of a glomerular marker?
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inulin
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What does clearance tell you about a substance?
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How it is handled in the kidney
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What are the two methods of autoregulation of RBF?
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1) myogenic hypothesis
2) tubuloglomerular feedback |
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What is myogenic hypothesis?
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afferent arterioles that are stretched then contract in response to increased Pa (to prevent an increase in blood flow)
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What is secreted by the macula densa in TG feedback?
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adenosine - it is secreted in response to and increaed delivered solute load (increased GFR) -- it constricts afferent arterioles (increasing their resistance) and returning RBF and GFR to normal
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What does PAH measure in the kidney?
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RPF
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What is the difference between true RPH and effective RPH?
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the effective underestimates RPH by 10% because it does not take into account the blood flow in the renal vein (because it is fairly low)
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What is the order of the three layers of the glomerular capillary barrier (in to out)?
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1) endothelium
2) basement membrane 3) epithelial layer with podocytes (next to bowman's space) |
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Why doen't large negatively charged solutes and plasma proteins get thru the filtration slits?
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because the filt slits and BM are negatively charged - repel them
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Does low or high sieving coefficient increase filterability?
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SC of 1.0 has no restriction
(SC <1.0 does not freely cross barrier) |
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What are the 2 factors that determine filterability?
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1) molecular weight
2) charge |
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Is anything every reabsorbed (i/o being filtered) across glomerular capillaries?
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NO!
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Why does hydrostatic pressure not change across glomerular capillaries?
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efferent arterioles can constrict keeping hydro pressure constant across cap
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What is the "protective" effect of AII?
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it constricts efferent arterioles more than afferent, thus keeping GFR high during high vasoconstrictor states
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What 2 things estimate changes in GFR?
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1) serum creatine
2) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
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Why do you have to be careful giving diabetics ACE inhibitors?
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because they preferentially dilate efferent arterioles - drastically decrease GFR - watch for kidney failure!
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What does symp NS do to aff and eff arterioles in the kidney?
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preferentially constrict afferent
decrease RBF decrease GFR |
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What does AII do to aff and eff arterioles in the kidney?
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preferentially constricts efferent (protects GFR)
decrease RPF increase GFR |
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What does ANP do to aff and eff arterioles in the kidney?
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dilates afferent more than it constricts afferent
increase RPF really increase GFR |
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What does prostaglandins do to aff and eff arterioles in the kidney?
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preferentially dilates afferents
increase RPF increase GFR |
