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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the vital signs?
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BP, HR, RR, Temp
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rapid changes in weight, over a few days, suggest changes in what?
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changes in body fluid, not tissue
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what are some causes of weight loss?
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gastrointestinal diseases, endocrine disorders, chronic infections, malignancy, chronic cardiac, pulmonary or renal failure, depression, and anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
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weight loss with relatively high food intake suggests what?
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diabetes mellitus, hyper thyroidism, or malabsorption. (And possibly binge eating with clandestine/secret vomiting)
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what factors increase chances of malabsorption in a patient?
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poverty, old age, social isolation, physical disability, mental/emotional impairment, poor teeth or dentures, alcohol and drug abuse.
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Besides depression and anxiety states, what are some other causes of fatigue?
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infections, endocrine disorders, heart failure, chronic diseases of the lungs, kidneys, or liver, electrolyte imbalances, anemia, malignancies, nutritional deficits, and medications.
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how is weakness different from fatigue?
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its a loss of muscle power, and if localized in a neuroanatomical pattern, could indicate a neuropathy or myopathy.
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what are are the distinctions of chilliness with fever?
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chills that are short, and not lasting, and chills that are recurrent with teeth chattering (which instead suggest temp swings and bacteremia)
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fevers in which the patient feels cold, indicate a ____ in temp while those in which the patient is hot and sweating indicate a ___ in temp.
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"rise
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night sweats are the exaggeration of what?
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the normal and small rise and fall of temp from day to night.
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what usually accompanies fever?
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malaise, headache, and pain in muscles and joints.
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feelings of heat and sweating accompany what normal occurence in middle-aged women?
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menopause
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night sweats can be causes by what?
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tuberculosis and malignancy
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What are four tips for promoting optimal weight and nutrition?
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1. Status - measure bmi and waist circumference - identify risk
2. Factors - establish additional risk factors for heart and obesity related diseases 3. Rate - assess dietary intake 4. Change - Assess patients motivation for change, provide counseling. |
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patients with a BMI at or above ____ should pursue weight loss.
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25
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What is the BMI for underweight?
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less than 18.5
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what is bmi for normal?
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18.5 to 24.9
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what is overweight bmi?
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25 to 30
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what is obesity I BMI
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30 to 35
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what is obesity II bmi?
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35 to 40
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what is obesity III bmi?
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greater than 40
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adolescent females and women of childbearing age often need additional intake of what two substances?
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iron and folic acid.
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you should assist adults older than 50 in identifying foods rich in ___ and ___.
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B12 and calcium
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the recommended daily alloweance of salt is ____ mg, or 1 ____ pr day.
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2400 mg or 1 tsp per day.
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low-sodium foods have less than ___% of RDA on nutrition chart.
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5
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Name the 10 factors of the General Appearance?
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Mneumonic - Hell distresses skiiing Hicks, expressing bad breath gayly. H-W-BMI. 1. Apparent Health Status. 2. Signs of Distress. 3. Skin, Nails, Hair. 4. Hygiene, Dress, Grooming. 5. Facial Expressions. 6. Bad Breath, Odor. 7. Gait, Walk, Posture. 8. Height. 9. Weight. 10. BMI
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TRUE/FALSE - It can be assumed that if alcohol is on a patient's breath, this can explain mental status or neurological findings.
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FALSE, never make this assumption, as these persons may still have potentially correctable problems. (ie. hypoglycemia)
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what is heigh and inch formula for BMI?
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weight*700 / height^2
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what is metric BMI formula?
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weight in kg/height in meteres squared
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what is 1 kg in pounds?
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2.2 lbs
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what is 1 inch in cm's?
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2.54
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very muscular persons may have ___ BMI's but still be healthy.
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high
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INTRINSIC
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located within the very nature of an object or person; inherent
Clean water has intrinsic value, while antique cars have market value. |
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what should you watch out for on the arm of the patient you are about to take a BP reading from?
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there should be no arterio-venous fistulas for dialysis, scarring from prior brachial artery cutdowns, or signs of lymphadema.
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what is normal sys and dia BP?
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< 120, <80
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what is a prehypertensive BP?
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120-139, 80-89
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what is a hypertensive Stage I BP?
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140-160. 90-100
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what is a hypertensive Stage II BP?
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>160, >100
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if hypertension is suspected, what are the other target organs that should be checked out?
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eyes, heart, brain and kidneys. (retinopathy, hypertrophy, neuro deficits suggesting stroke)
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what are the blood pressures for isolated systolic hypertension?
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>140, but <90
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normal BPM is what range?
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50-90
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If a person lays down for up to 10 min, and then BP is taken and reads more than a 20 mmHg drop in sys, (or 10 in dia), what might this indicate?
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with other symptoms and tachacardia, this indicates orthostatic (postural) hypotension.
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orthostatic (postural) hypotension can be caused by what?
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drugs, blood loss, prolonged bed rest or a diseased autoimmune system
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Persons with COPD have a ____ expiration.
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prolonged
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what is normal rate of breathing in adults?
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14-20 breaths pr min
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what is oral temperature in celsius and farenheit?
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37 deg C, and 98.6 deg F
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normal temperatures are low in the morning and high at night, ranging from___ to ____
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96.4 to 99.1
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rectal temperatures are ___ to ___ deg higher than oral.
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.7 to .9 deg F
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tympanic membrane temperatures are generally ___ deg F higher than oral.
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1.4
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when the pulse is irregular, this reliably indicates ___ ____.
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atrial fibrillation
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conversely to white coat anxiety, persons with high BP at home or in the ambulatory setting are what?
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at risk for cardio disease
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What is nociceptive or somatic pain?
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tissue damage pain.
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nociceptive pain comes from which nerves?
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afferent A-delta and C-fibers of the sensory system that respond to noxious stimuli. These can be regulated by both neurotransmitters and endorphins
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what is neuropathic pain?
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pain resulting from direct injury to the CNS. (can exist after initial injury heals)
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what is psychogenic pain, idiopathic
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idopathic pain is pain without an identifiable etiology, psycogenic has many factors from psychiatric conditions to to cultural norms
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what is normal rate of breathing in infants?
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44
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