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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ONE WAY TO CLASSIFY DISEASE IS BY OCCURRENCE ( HOW FREQUENTLY DOES THE DISEASE OCCUR WITHIN THE POPULATION) WHAT IS ANOTHER WAY THAT DISEASE CAN BE CLASSIFIED
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CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURRENCE
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LIST THE SIX PATTERNS OF OCCURRENCE
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SPORADIC
ENDEMIC HYPERDEMIC EPIDEMIC OUTBREAK PANDEMIC |
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DEFINE SPORADIC
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THE DISEASE OCCURS AT IRREGULAR INTERVALS
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DEFINE ENDEMIC
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THE DISEASE OCCURS AT A LOW, STEADY FREQUENCY IN THE POPULATION
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DEFINE HYPERDEMIC
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THE DISEASE SHOWS A GRAUALLY MILD INCREASE ABOVE EXPECTED LEVELS
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DEFINE EPIDEMIC
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THE DISEASE SHOWS A RAPID, DRAMATIC INCREASE ABOVE EXPECTED LEVELS
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF SPORADIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
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TYPHOID FEVER, MEINGOCOCCAL MENINGITAS
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ENDEMIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
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COLD AND FLU
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HYPERDEMIC( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
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COLD/FLU IN THE WINTER
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EPIDEMIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
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AIDS, THE FLU IN SOME YEARS
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WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF EPIDEMIC
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COMMON SOURCE EPIDEMIC
PROPOGATED EPIDEMIC |
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DEFINE COMMON SOURCE EPIDEMIC
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ALL INFECTED INDIVIDUALS COME INTO CONTACT WITH SOME CONTAMINATED SOURCE ie CONTAMINATED FOOD OR WATER
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DEFINE PROPOGATED EPIDEMIC
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INFECTION BEGINS WHEN ONE INFECTED INDIVIDUAL ( INDEX CASE) IS INTRODUCED INTO THE POPULATION THEN IT SPREADS THROUGH THE POPULATION
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF OUTBREAK( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
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OCCURRENCE OF UNEXPECTED DISEASE, OFTEN OCCURS IN A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC RANGE OR WITHIN A LIMITED PORTION OF THE POPULATION
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN OUTBREAK
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EBOLA , SARS
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF PANDEMIC ( A CLASSIFICATION BY PATTERN OF OCCURENCE)
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THE DISEASE OCCURS AT EPIDEMIC LEVELS OVER A LARGE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE
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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A PANDEMIC
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AIDS, CHOLERA, PLAGUE
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DEFINE DISTRIBUTION
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DISTRIBUTION TELLS US HOW THE PATHOGEN SPREADS
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DEFINE "SOURCE"
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A LOCATION THAT SUPPORTS THE GROWTH OF THE PATHOGEN, FROM WHICH IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO A NEW HOST
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"SOURCE" IS RELATED TO ___________
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DISTRIBUTION
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WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF "SOURCE" ( DISTRIBUTION)
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ABIOTIC SOURCE
BIOTIC SOURCE |
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DEFINE ABIOTIC SOURCE
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THESE ARE NON-LIVING SOURCES SUCH AS FOOD, WATER, SOIL
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DEFINE BIOTIC SOURCE
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LIVING SOURCES SUCH AS HUMANS AND ANIMALS
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON "SOURCE" OF HUMAN DISEASE
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HUMANS ARE THE MOST COMMON SOURCE OF DISTRIBUTION AKA A "CARRIER"
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR KINDS OF "CARRIERS"
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ACTIVE CARRIER
CONVALESCENT CARRIER INCUBATORY CARRIER HEALTHY CARRIER |
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DEFINE "ACTIVE CARRIER"
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THE INDIVIDUAL HAS THE PATHOGEN PRESENT AND IS SHOWING THE S/S OF THE DISEASE
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DEFINE CONVALESCENT CARRIER
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INDIVIDUAL HAS RECOVERED FROM THE S/S , BUT STILL HAS PATHOGEN PRESENT
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DEFINE INCUBATORY CARRIER
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THE INDIVIDUAL HAS THE PATHOGEN PRESENT, BUT THE INDIVIDUAL WILL NEVER SHOW THE S/S
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DEFINE "TRANSMISSION"
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TRANSMISSION TELLS US HOW THE PATHOGEN TRAVELS FROM THE "SOURCE" TO A NEW HOST
TRANSMISSION IS A FORM OF "DISTRIBUTION" |
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LIST THE THREE WAYS A PATHOGEN CAN SPREAD "DISTRIBUTION"
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SOURCE
TRANSMISSION EXIT MECHANISM |
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LIST THE (4) MAIN ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
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AIRBORNE
DIRECT CONTACT VEHICLE TRANSMISSION VECTOR BORNE |
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DEFINE AIRBORNE ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
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THE PATHOGEN BECOMES AIRBORNE FROM THE SOURCE, THEN TRAVELS TO A NEW HOST
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HOW MAY AIRBORNE PATHOGENS TRAVEL (2 ) WAYS
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DROPLET NUCLEI...TINY DROPLETS USUALLY FROM RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS ( SNEEZING, COUGHING, SPITTING,TALKING)
DUST----> ANTHRAX, STAPH, STREP |
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DEFINE DIRECT CONTACT ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
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TRANSMISSION REQUIRES PHYSICAL CONTACT BTWN THE SOURCE AND A NEW HOST
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GIVE EXAMPLES OF DIRECT CONTACT FORMS OF TRANSMISSION
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LESIONS, KISSING, SEX, TOUCHING, NURSING, PLACENTA, GIVING BIRTH
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DEFINE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
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THE PATHOGEN TRAVELS TO A NEW HOST VIA AN INANIMATE CALLED "FOMITES"
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FOMITES ARE RELATED TO VEHICLE TRANSMISSION...GIVE EXAMPLES OF FOMITES
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NEEDLES, CUP, BEDDING, FORK, CLOTHING , TOWELS
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DEFINE VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION ( A "ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION")
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THE PATHOGEN TRAVELS TO A NEW HOST VIA A LIVING INTERMEDIATE CALLED VECTORS
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GIVE EXAMPLES OF VECTORS
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MOSQUITOS, TICKS, FLEAS, FLIES
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WHAT ARE THE (2) KINDS OF VECTOR BORNE TRANSMISSION
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EXTERNAL VECTOR BORNE
INTERNAL VECTOR BORNE |
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DEFINE EXTERNAL VECTOR BORNE
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THE PATHOGEN IS CARRIED ON THE SURFACE OF THE VECTOR
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DEFINE INTERNAL VECTOR BORNE
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THE PATHOGEN IS CARRIED INSIDE THE VECTORS BODY ( MAY INVOLVE A LIFE CYCLE CHANGE)
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DEFINE EXIT MECHANISM ( A FORM OF DISTRIBUTION)
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HOW DID THE PATHOGEN LEAVE THE SOURCE
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WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS THAT PATHOGENS USE AS AN EXIT MECHANISM
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PASSIVE ESCAPE
ACTIVE ESCAPE |
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MOST PATHOGENS EXIT BY __________ ESCAPE
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PASSIVE
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DEFINE PASSIVE ESCAPE
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THE PATHOGENS EXIT WITH BODILY SECRETIONS ( FECES, MUCUS, URINE, PUS) THE PATHOGEN DOES NOT "CHOOSE" TO EXIT
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DEFINE "ACTIVE ESCAPE"
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WORM SEEKS AN EXIT PORTAL AS AN AVE OF ESCAPE
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WHAT /WHO USES ACTIVE ESCAPE AS AN EXIT MECHANISM
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SOME PARASITE WORMS
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LIST SOME POSSIBLE EXIT PORTALS THAT PARASITE WORMS COULD USE AS A FORM OF ACTIVE ESCAPE
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ANUS, MOUTH, NOSE, EARS, EYES, LESION ON THE SKIN
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DEFINE "CONTROL"
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DETERMINES WHICH INDIVIDUALS IN THE POPULATION ARE THE MOST "AT RISK " FOR A DISEASE
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WHAT ARE THE THREE FACTORS THAT AFFECT RISK/SUSCEPTIBILITY
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EXPOSURE
HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS PATHOGENICITY |
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DEFINE "EXPOSURE"
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THE NUMBER OF PATHOGENS THAT AN INDIVIDUAL WILL COME IN CONTACT WITH
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GIVE EXAMPLES OF EXPOSURE
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OCCUPATION, GEOGRAPHY, LIFESTYLE, DIET, DRUG USE, SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS
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GIVE EXAMPLES OF DEFENSE HOST MECHANISM ( ONE OF THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT RISK/SUSCEPTIBILITY)
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AGE, DEPRESSED IMMUNE SYSTEM( STRESS , LACK OF SLEEP, AIDS) GENETICS, VACCINATIONS, MALNUTRITION
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DEFINE PATHOGENICITY
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THE ABILITY OF A MICROBE TO CAUSE A STATE OF DISEASE ( AKA VIRULENCE )
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